Hybrid thermochemical and biochemical conversion of biomass for renewable fuels and products

生物质的混合热化学和生化转化可再生燃料和产品

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05093
• 负责人: Dutta, Animesh
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=685519
• 关键词: Hybrid; thermochemical; biochemical; conversion; biomass

The daily global coal and liquid fuel consumption are 15 million tonnes and 90 million barrels, respectively. Renewable fuels account for less than 0.1% of the liquid fuel demand. The Canadian transportation sector produces more than 40% of the country's greenhouse gases (GHG). Ontario has discontinued coal usage in its thermal power plants as of 2014. Canada has also implemented a federal mandate of 5% ethanol blending in 2010. Worldwide, there is no commercially viable drop-in renewable fuel production and the demand for such a process is immense. Current ethanol production uses sugars and starches from food crops which compete for land with food production. Second-generation liquid biofuels derived from lignocellulose biomass including agricultural residues, forestry waste, grasses and tree biomass can be a sustainable alternative to fossil oil. However, feedstock costs are 60-75% of the overall ethanol production cost. Therefore, building on previous experience and track record, the proposed research program aims at developing an integrated bio-refinery approach that employs an array of innovative technologies to convert wet and low-value biomass feedstocks (agricultural wastes, greenhouse vines, municipal green bin collections, animal manure, etc.) into biocarbon (potential substitute for coal), renewable liquid fuel ethanol (potential substitute for petroleum) and other value added products. This novel approach, where value is recovered from every co-product, integrates: (a) Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for solid bio-carbon production and HTC process water (PW) as co-product from wet biomass; (b) Chemical looping gasification (CLG) for H2-enriched syngas production with in-process CO2 capture using the HTC bio-carbon; (c) Anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by dry reforming (DRM) to produce syngas from PW; (d) Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) to produce syngas from PW; and (e) Fermentation process that converts the syngas produced from processes (b), (c), and (d) into liquid fuel (ethanol) and other value-added bio-products. These objectives will be achieved by undertaking new projects to resolve a technology-specific practical problem, and advances the state-of-the-art by involving graduate students. The technology-specific contributions are: (i) An innovative biomass feeding system for development of a continuous flow HTC reactor; (ii) An approach to integrating HTC PW oxidation for development of an autothermal HTC reactor and biological degradation of PW using an AD system; (iii) Two-step kinetic modeling on carbon yield in HTC processing; (iv) Integration and testing of a hydration system and the use of HTC biocarbon as the fuel to study sorbent (CaO) characteristics in a novel 5 kW-Pilot CLG system; and (iv) Mass transfer enhancement of syngas in aqueous solution by developing innovative gas supply and ethanol extraction systems.

全球每日煤炭和液体燃料消耗量分别为1500万吨和9000万桶。可再生燃料占液体燃料需求的比例不到0.1%。加拿大 40% 以上的温室气体 (GHG) 是由交通运输部门产生的。自 2014 年起，安大略省已停止在其火力发电厂中使用煤炭。加拿大还于 2010 年实施了混合 5% 乙醇的联邦指令。在全球范围内，没有商业上可行的直接可再生燃料生产，对这种工艺的需求是巨大。目前的乙醇生产使用来自粮食作物的糖和淀粉，这些作物与粮食生产争夺土地。源自木质纤维素生物质（包括农业残留物、林业废物、草和树木生物质）的第二代液体生物燃料可以成为化石石油的可持续替代品。然而，原料成本占乙醇生产总成本的 60-75%。因此，根据以往的经验和跟踪记录，拟议的研究计划旨在开发一种综合生物炼制方法，采用一系列创新技术来转化湿的和低价值的生物质原料（农业废物、温室藤蔓、市政绿色垃圾箱收集品） 、动物粪便等）转化为生物碳（煤炭的潜在替代品）、可再生液体燃料乙醇（石油的潜在替代品）和其他增值产品。这种从每种副产品中回收价值的新颖方法整合了： (a) 用于固体生物碳生产的水热碳化 (HTC) 和作为湿生物质副产品的 HTC 工艺水 (PW)； (b) 化学循环气化（CLG），用于生产富氢合成气，并使用 HTC 生物碳捕获过程中的二氧化碳； (c) 厌氧消化（AD），然后进行干重整（DRM），以从纯水中生产合成气； (d) 超临界水气化（SCWG），利用纯净水生产合成气； (e) 将工艺(b)、(c)和(d)产生的合成气转化为液体燃料（乙醇）和其他增值生物产品的发酵工艺。这些目标将通过开展新项目来解决特定技术的实际问题来实现，并通过研究生的参与来推进最先进的技术。具体技术贡献包括： (i) 用于开发连续流 HTC 反应器的创新生物质供给系统； (ii) 一种将 HTC PW 氧化结合起来的方法，以开发自热 HTC 反应器和使用 AD 系统对 PW 进行生物降解； (iii) HTC 加工中碳产量的两步动力学模型； (iv) 水合系统的集成和测试以及使用 HTC 生物碳作为燃料来研究新型 5 kW-Pilot CLG 系统中的吸附剂 (CaO) 特性； (iv) 通过开发创新的气体供应和乙醇提取系统来增强合成气在水溶液中的传质。