Moderating the activity of nickel and potassium catalysts for the gasification and activation of carbonaceous materials

调节镍和钾催化剂用于碳质材料气化和活化的活性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05076
• 负责人: Hill, Josephine
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=685627
• 关键词: Moderating; activity; nickel; potassium; catalysts

Catalysts are wonderful substances that enhance reaction rates, control the production of undesired products in chemical reactions, and contribute to over 35% of global gross domestic product. Used in over 90% of all industrial processes, catalysts reduce environmental impact by making the processes more energy and material efficient through the reduction of the severity of operating conditions and increased selectivity to the desired products, respectively. These processes can be made even more efficient and sustainable if the feeds and catalysts are obtained from materials that are otherwise viewed as waste, such as petroleum coke and forestry residues. Because the interactions between species are complex, however, unexpected results may be obtained by using wastes.***This proposal focuses on two related processes; namely, gasification and activation. Gasification is used to convert solids and liquids to gases that can be further used to produce power or other chemicals, while activation is used to convert carbonaceous materials into activated carbon for use as adsorbents and catalyst supports. During both processes, the carbon in the starting material (feed) is consumed to create a more porous material. In gasification, it is desirable to consume as much of the feed as possible, while in activation, only partial conversion of the feed occurs and the final product is a porous solid carbon with a surface area of at least several hundred metres squared per gram. Potassium and nickel are both excellent catalysts for gasification, and potassium catalysts are well used in the production of activated carbon. The challenges are that the catalysts can become deactivated and that the produced activated carbon often contains pores that are too small for the reaction of large hydrocarbons.***In this proposal, I would like to better understand how the interaction between potassium and nickel catalysts and a carbon surface (petroleum coke or model carbons) can be modulated by the introduction of modifiers (vanadium and calcium, etc.) to prevent deactivation during gasification and to result in larger pores during activation. Knowledge of these interactions will be applied when selecting and testing inexpensive, waste sources for the process feeds and catalysts. The use of these non-conventional sources will be beneficial in terms of both economic and environmental sustainability because materials are being reused/recycled, the process will be highly selective to the desired products, and the process energy requirements will be reduced.**

催化剂是提高反应速率，控制化学反应中不希望产品的产生的出色物质，并占全球国内生产总值以上的35％以上。催化剂用于所有工业过程中90％以上，通过降低操作条件的严重程度和对所需产品的选择性提高，通过使过程更加能量和物质效率来减少环境影响。如果饲料和催化剂是从原本被视为废物的材料中获得的，例如石油焦炭和林业残留物，则可以使这些过程更加高效和可持续。但是，由于物种之间的相互作用是复杂的，因此可以通过使用废物获得意外的结果。***该提案重点是两个相关过程。即气化和激活。气化用于将固体和液体转化为可进一步用于产生功率或其他化学物质的气体，而活化用于将碳质材料转化为活性炭，以用作吸附剂和催化剂支撑。在这两个过程中，消耗起始材料中的碳（饲料）中的碳以创建更多孔的材料。在气化中，希望尽可能多地消耗饲料，而在激活中，只会发生部分转化，最终产物是一种多孔的固体碳，其表面积至少为每克几百米。钾和镍都是气化的极好的催化剂，并且钾催化剂在活性炭的生产中很好地使用了。挑战在于，催化剂可以停用，而产生的活化碳通常含有太小的毛孔，无法对大型碳氢化合物的反应。气化过程中停用，并在激活过程中导致更大的孔。在选择和测试廉价的流程饲料和催化剂的废物源时，将应用这些相互作用的知识。这些非惯性来源的使用将在经济和环境可持续性方面有益，因为材料已被重复使用/回收，该过程将对所需的产品具有很高的选择性，并且过程能源需求将减少。** **