Are all reinforcers the same? A memory consolidation perspective

所有的强化物都一样吗？

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03763
• 负责人: Leri, Francesco
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=684539
• 关键词: reinforcers; same; memory; consolidation; perspective

The "memory enhancing" hypothesis of reinforcers generates three testable predictions. First, different reinforcers should strengthen behavior through actions on overlapping neurochemical systems of memory consolidation. Second, because these neurochemical systems overlap, there should be behavioural interactions between different reinforcers. Finally, in the mammalian brain, interacting neurochemical systems converge into a primary "pathway" of memory consolidation. ******To test these predictions, Sprague-Dawley rats will be trained to associate particular actions (pressing a lever during self-administration) or environmental stimuli (a white chamber during place conditioning), with the delivery of various reinforcers. Following training, the memories of these associations will be measured by assessing the persistence of the learned actions, or the frequency of approach to the environmental stimuli, in the absence of reinforcers. ******Studies 1-9 will employ pharmacological and neurobiological methods to study systems of memory consolidation engaged by saccharin, fructose, glucose, oxycodone and cocaine. These reinforcers have been selected because, although they have different effects on the body and on the brain, they are all self-administered by rats. The "sweets" will be self-administered intraorally and the drugs intravenously. In Study 10, rats will be trained in a dual self-administration procedure, and behavioural interactions will be characterized during various tests in the presence and absence of one or both reinforcers. Finally, Studies 11-13 will employ neuro-pharmacological methods to explore the interaction between dopamine and noradrenaline; two systems that likely contribute to a pathway of memory consolidation activated by all reinforcing stimuli. ******This innovative program of research investigates long-standing, basic questions in psychology and neuroscience. There have been no systematic explorations of the neural and behavioral effects produced by different reinforcers in the context of memory consolidation. And, addressing the question of how various reinforcers promote learning, is not only central to the understanding of behavior, but it is also of direct relevance to human health (e.g., obesity and substance dependence).**

增强剂的“记忆增强”假设产生了三个可测试的预测。 首先，不同的增强剂应通过对记忆巩固的神经化学系统的行动来增强行为。 其次，由于这些神经化学系统重叠，因此不同的增强剂之间应存在行为相互作用。最后，在哺乳动物的大脑中，相互作用的神经化学系统会收敛为记忆巩固的主要“途径”。 ******为了测试这些预测，Sprague-Dawley大鼠将接受培训，以将特定的动作（在自我管理过程中按杆）或环境刺激（在置于置换期间的白色腔室）与各种增强剂的交付。 训练后，这些关联的记忆将通过评估在没有增强剂的情况下评估学习动作的持久性或环境刺激的方法的频率。 ******研究1-9将采用药理学和神经生物学方法来研究由糖精，果糖，葡萄糖，羟考酮和可卡因参与的记忆巩固系统。 之所以选择这些增强剂，是因为尽管它们对身体和大脑的影响不同，但它们都是由大鼠自我管理的。 “糖果”将在室内进行自我管理和静脉内药物。在研究10中，将对双重自我给药程序进行训练，在存在和不存在一个或两个增强剂的情况下，将在各种测试中表征行为相互作用。 最后，研究11-13将采用神经药物方法来探索多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素之间的相互作用。两个可能导致所有增强刺激激活的记忆巩固途径的系统。 *****这项创新的研究计划调查了心理学和神经科学方面的长期基本问题。 在记忆巩固的背景下，不同增强剂产生的神经和行为影响没有系统的探索。 而且，解决各种增强剂如何促进学习的问题，不仅是对行为理解的核心，而且与人类健康（例如肥胖和物质依赖性）也是直接相关的。**