Spatial and temporal diversity of the bryophyte Arctic flora and associated cyanobacterial and fungal biota

北极苔藓植物区系及相关蓝藻和真菌生物群的时空多样性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05967
• 负责人: VillarrealAguilar, Juan
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682800
• 关键词: Spatial; temporal; diversity; bryophyte; Arctic

Inhospitable to most higher plants, arctic environments are dominated by cryptogams, including mosses, liverworts (collectively, bryophytes) and lichenized fungi. Initial studies on the Arctic suggest a mixed origin of the present bryophyte flora, with frequent long-distance dispersal events and local, pre-glaciation, diversification. As an initial step to uncover the origin of the Canadian arctic flora, I propose to use genomic resources to study the diversity, timing of origin and dispersal patterns of subarctic and arctic bryophytes. The alarming increase in global warming, due partly to anthropogenic activities, poses a threat to these critical ecosystems, and in particular bryophyte species that lack high dispersal capabilities (via spores or gametophyte fragments). The high dispersal capacity of most bryophytes brings the question whether their associated epiphyte flora (bacteria and fungi) is equally dispersed with bryophyte fragments or spores or it is native to the Arctic. Some arctic cyanobacteria and fungi display broad ranges (even bipolar distributions) whereas other have more localized distributions in subarctic and arctic regions. Despite the dramatic contribution of cyanobacteria, and probably fungi, to boreal and arctic ecosystems, at least regarding nitrogen fixation, we know little about the genetic diversity of the epiphytic and endophytic flora of subarctic and arctic Canadian bryophytes. Here I propose to take a concerted approach to study the bryophyte hosts and the associated epiphytes, to provide a more complete picture of current Canadian Arctic diversity and uncover past diversity, revealing ecosystem assemblage through time. The long-term objective is to map the extinct and extant biodiversity of cryptogams and extant associated cyanobacterial and fungal flora in Arctic Canada using a combination of field studies, DNA barcoding and next-generation/genomic approaches, while developing HQP in my lab using the most recent genetic tools, and providing data useful for conservation purposes for these fragile and threatened ecosystems. My lab team at Laval will be one of the centers of bryological work in North America and the epicentre of Arctic bryophyte research.

对于大多数高等植物而言，北极环境都以苔藓，肝脏（总体，苔藓植物）和地衣真菌在内的加密环境为主。对北极的初步研究表明，本叶植物菌群的起源混合起源，经常发生长距离分散事件和局部，良好的裂变，多样化。作为揭示加拿大北极植物群的起源的第一步，我建议使用基因组资源来研究亚北极和北极苔藓植物的多样性，起源时机和分散模式。全球变暖的令人震惊的增加，部分由于人为活动，对这些关键生态系统构成威胁，尤其是缺乏高分散能力的苔藓植物物种（通过孢子或配子植物片段）。大多数苔藓植物的高分散能力提出了一个问题，其相关的附生植物菌群（细菌和真菌）是否同样分散在苔藓植物碎片或孢子上，还是北极本地的。一些北极蓝细菌和真菌显示宽阔的范围（甚至是双极分布），而另一些则在亚北极和北极地区具有更多的局部分布。尽管蓝细菌以及可能真菌对北极和北极生态系统产生了巨大的贡献，但至少在氮固定方面，我们对亚北极和北极加拿大加拿大乳腺癌的附生和内生菌群的遗传多样性一无所知。在这里，我建议采用一种协同的方法来研究苔藓植物宿主和相关的附生植物，以更完整地了解当前的加拿大北极多样性并发现过去的多样性，从而揭示了随着时间的推移生态系统组合。长期目标是使用现场研究，DNA条形码和下一代/基因组方法的结合来绘制加拿大北极加拿大北极和真菌植物的灭绝和现存生物多样性，同时使用最新的基因工具，以及为这些脆弱的数据提供了有用的数据，同时在我的实验室中开发HQP。我在拉瓦尔（Laval）的实验室团队将是北美的Bryological工作中心之一，也是北极苔藓植物研究的中心。