Multi-level exploration of oscillatory brain networks: from neuronal mechanisms to cognition

振荡脑网络的多层次探索：从神经机制到认知

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04854
• 负责人: Jerbi, Karim
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682602
• 关键词: Multi; level; exploration; oscillatory; brain

Introduction: Despite the recent surge in studies attempting to understand brain network dynamics, the precise mechanisms that underlie local processing and communication between distant brain areas are still poorly understood. A large body of evidence suggests that frequency-specific brain rhythms (i.e. neuronal oscillations) alongside broadband activities play a key role in local and long-range neuronal synchronization. However, our understanding of the mechanisms at play is impeded by the fact that our knowledge of how our brain encodes and processes information is fragmented because the available neurobiological data stem from studies that address the brain at very different spatial and temporal observation scales.******Goal: The goal of this research proposal is to advance our understanding of oscillatory brain dynamics by addressing two central and closely related questions: (A) What is the relationship between large-scale network-level neuronal oscillations, local rhythmic population activity and neuronal firing (Systems Neuroscience axis) and (B) How are these various multi-level neuronal signatures differentially related to cognition and behaviour (Cognitive Neuroscience axis). ******Methodology: The Systems Neuroscience part of the proposal combines invasive and non-invasive electrophysiological measurements in humans (MEG, intracranial EEG and microelectrode recordings in implanted human patients). This multi-scale approach will provide an extremely rare opportunity to probe in humans the mechanistic relationship between neuronal firing (multi-unit activity, MUA), population activity (local field potentials, LFPs) and surface-level neuromagnetic signals. In parallel, the research planned for the Cognitive Neuroscience part will seek to determine whether and to which extent these neuronal markers differentially mediate (or are modulated by) behaviour and cognitive processes. To this end, we will examine spontaneous brain activity (resting state data) as well as data acquired in task-based cognitive experiments (e.g. goal-directed behaviour, decision making and emotion processing tasks). ******Novelty and expected impact: A hallmark of this proposal is the combination of multi-disciplinary methods and multi-scale invasive and non-invasive brain measurements, including rare access to single-unit micro-recordings in humans. The proposed research lies therefore at the crossroads of systems neuroscience, neuroimaging, neuro-engineering, electrophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. The ability to link the findings of brain research across multiple spatial scales carries the potential to reveal basic governing principles in local and large-scale brain functional architecture and thereby enhance our understanding of the role of network brain dynamics in cognition and eventually its breakdown in disease. **

简介：尽管最近试图了解大脑网络动态的研究中有激增，但遥远大脑区域之间局部处理和沟通的确切机制仍然很少了解。大量证据表明，频率特异性的脑节律（即神经元振荡）以及宽带活动以及局部和远程神经元同步起着关键作用。但是，我们对大脑如何编码和过程信息的了解阻碍了我们对发挥作用机制的理解，因为可用的神经生物学数据源于在非常不同的空间和时间观察量表上解决大脑的研究。网络级神经元振荡，局部节奏种群活性和神经元解散（系统神经科学轴）和（b）这些各种多级神经元信号与认知和行为（认知神经科学轴）有何不同相关。 ******方法：该提案的系统神经科学部分结合了人类的侵入性和非侵入性电生理测量值（MEG，颅内脑电图和植入的人类患者中的微电极记录）。这种多尺度方法将为探测人类中的人类的机械性关系（多单位活动，MUA），种群活动（局部田间电位，LFP）和表面级神经磁信号之间的机械关系提供了极为罕见的机会。同时，计划针对认知神经科学部分的研究将寻求确定这些神经元标记是否以及通过行为和认知过程进行差异化（或调节）。为此，我们将研究自发的大脑活动（静止状态数据）以及基于任务的认知实验（例如目标指导的行为，决策和情感处理任务）中获得的数据。 ******新颖性和预期影响：该提案的标志是多学科方法以及多尺度侵入性和非侵入性脑测量的组合，包括在人类中罕见地访问单单元微型录制。因此，提出的研究在于系统神经科学，神经影像，神经工程，电生理学和认知神经科学的十字路口。跨多个空间量表联系大脑研究结果的能力具有揭示局部和大规模脑功能架构的基本管理原理的潜力，从而增强了我们对网络脑动力学在认知中的作用以及最终在疾病中的崩溃的理解。 **