Rock Slope Geohazard Assessment and Mitigation to Protect People and Infrastructure

岩坡地质灾害评估和缓解以保护人员和基础设施

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06581
• 负责人: Tannant, Dwayne
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=666526
• 关键词: Rock; Slope; Geohazard; Assessment; Mitigation

Billions of dollars of new infrastructure will be built in steep terrain in Canada over the coming decade due to population growth and new natural gas, oil, and mining developments. People living or working near steep rock slopes and the associated infrastructure are exposed to geohazards. The long-term objectives of the research program are to improve geohazard assessment techniques and to build the missing links between geohazard assessment and the design of appropriate risk mitigation measures to reduce losses associated with rock falling from steep rock slopes. The short-term objectives address three deficiencies in the current risk management for steep rock slopes. Existing geohazard assessment methods can take too long and can expose geotechnical engineers doing the assessment to unsafe fieldwork. Overly simplistic geometric formulae (in current building codes) are used to define areas where it is safe to build; these formulae do not consider important factors such as the rock mass quality and the infrastructure vulnerability. New technologies such as slope meshing have been introduced in Canada but design methods are needed for specifying how these should be used.  The research objectives are to:****1) Improve assessment techniques for steep rock faces by using drones and by testing the effectiveness of various sensor packages on drones. A range of digital colour cameras will be compared with lidar sensors and an infrared camera. ***2) Develop a rationale to determine setback distances that define safe locations for a structure on a lot by incorporating rock mass and slope geometry considerations as well as building vulnerability. A multi-criteria approach to calculation of setbacks will be a significant improvement over current practices. ***3) Create design methodologies for slope stabilization with bolted mesh that advance beyond the currently used simple failure mechanism/loading assumptions by improving knowledge of fundamental support - rock mass interactions through numerical simulation of full-scale tests. Furthermore, the design will explicitly incorporate data that are now acquired in rock slope hazard rating systems, yet astonishingly, not used for support design purposes.****The research on setback distances will lead to delineation of where it is safe to build, thus preventing construction of homes located too close to rock cuts for hillside residential development. For rock slopes along highways, railways, and in open pit mines, the research on design of rock stabilization with bolted mesh will save lives and reduce economic and environmental losses. The research using drones for rapid and safe characterization of cliffs above homes, highways, and railways will enable more rapid response and timely decisions about evacuations or reopening of transportation routes when slope instability occurs. **

由于人口增长以及新的天然气、石油和采矿开发，未来十年加拿大将在陡峭的地形上修建数十亿美元的新基础设施，在陡峭的岩石斜坡和相关基础设施附近生活或工作的人们将面临地质灾害。该研究计划的长期目标是改进地质灾害评估技术，并建立地质灾害评估与设计适当的风险缓解措施之间缺失的联系，以减少与陡峭岩石斜坡上的岩石掉落相关的损失。​短期目标解决三项不足当前陡峭岩石斜坡的风险管理可能需要很长时间，并且可能使进行评估的岩土工程师面临不安全的现场工作，用于定义安全建设的区域；这些公式没有考虑岩体质量和基础设施脆弱性等重要因素，加拿大已引入了边坡网格划分等新技术，但需要设计方法来指定如何使用这些技术。目标：****1) 通过使用无人机并测试无人机上各种传感器套件的有效性，改进陡峭岩面的评估技术。将与激光雷达传感器和红外摄像机进行比较***。 2) 制定确定退缩距离的基本原理，通过结合岩体和斜坡几何形状考虑因素以及建筑脆弱性来定义地块上结构的安全位置。计算退缩的多标准方法将是对当前实践的重大改进。 ***3) 创建设计通过全尺寸试验的数值模拟提高对基础支撑-岩体相互作用的了解，该方法超越了当前使用的简单破坏机制/加载假设。此外，该设计将明确纳入现在获得的数据。在岩石边坡危险评级系统中，但令人惊讶的是，它并不用于支撑设计目的。****对退缩距离的研究将导致划定安全建造的位置，从而防止在距离岩石切口太近的地方建造房屋。适用于沿岩石斜坡的住宅开发。在公路、铁路和露天矿井中，使用螺栓网固定岩石的设计的损失研究将挽救生命并减少经济和环境损失，使用无人机对房屋、公路和铁路上方的悬崖进行快速、安全的表征将成为可能。当发生斜坡不稳定时，对疏散或重新开放交通路线做出更快速的反应和及时的决定**。