The role of behavioural plasticity in shaping the responses of organisms to the cumulative effects of multiple stressors.

行为可塑性在塑造生物体对多种压力源累积效应的反应中的作用。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-03625
• 负责人: Semeniuk, Christina
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664718
• 关键词: role; behavioural; plasticity; shaping; responses

Behaviour mediates interactions between an individual and its environment. Of the traits that influence the ability of an animal to cope in response to rapid environmental change, behavioural plasticity (how an individual varies in its responsiveness across contexts and over time) plays an important role in how animals respond to environmental change. Given that individuals constantly face multiple stressors at the same time, it is challenging to determine how and why individual variation in responsiveness to stressors influences performance, reproduction and survival. My research program aims to apply and test information on how and why some individuals respond better than others to altered environments to predict how future developments in rapid environmental change will affect population size and stability. As objectives, my research group will determine: 1) how variation in behavioural plasticity - as defined by Exploration tendency, Neophobia, and Aggression (ENA) - is altered by key environmental (abiotic and biotic) factors; 2) whether variation in responsiveness affects performance (foraging, anti-predator, movement behaviour); and 3) the consequences of these response-performance relationships to growth, reproduction and survival modeled under multiple ecological scenarios. To pursue my research objectives I will be using relevant and emerging stressors within ecological systems characterized as human-induced rapid environmental change.**Using a local population of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) raised under a spectrum of semi-wild to wild conditions, I will examine both within- and among-individual variation in behavioural types (ENA) under multiple real-world stressors (temperature, oxygen saturation and heavy-metal toxicity), and investigate how these stressors affect the movement ecology (spatial distribution patterns) of individual perch in relation to risk-sensitive foraging, their growth and survival. Using stocks of lake-bound Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) approved for reintroduction into Lake Ontario, I will explore stock-related differences in behavioural and physiological (skin-pigmentation/stress hormones) coping under both captive and semi-natural settings, and then assess their ability to forage effectively under varying risks of predation and competition to evaluate if plasticity within stocks differs and confers differential fitness between stocks. Using an aquaculture-based stock of Pacific Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with known genetic pedigree, I will investigate whether male reproductive strategies (sneaker vs. normal males), that already possess distinct behavioural characteristics, can be altered by the rearing environment capable of affecting fish growth rates and competitive abilities. For each project I will develop individual-based or system-dynamics models, both ideal methodologies in understanding the behaviour of complex systems over space or time, to determine how individuality in stressor-mediated responses scale up to population-level effects during various spatiotemporal or management-ecological scenarios. **An understanding of how individuals differ in their behavioural response to different stressors, and how these differences might interact within variable environments and affect population persistence is crucial for understanding how and why certain species succeed or fail in novel environments. Combining these different individual-based approaches with ecological-scenario modelling can help to identify the key processes and driving forces involved in populations exposed to multiple environmental stressors, significantly contributing to both fundamental ecological and economically relevant applied research.

行为介导个人与其环境之间的相互作用。影响动物应对快速环境变化的能力的特征，行为可塑性（个体如何在各种环境和随着时间的流逝中的反应能力变化）在动物如何响应环境变化方面起着重要作用。鉴于个人同时不断面对多个压力源，因此确定对压力源反应能力的如何以及为什么会影响性能，繁殖和生存是一项挑战。我的研究计划旨在应用和测试有关某些人如何以及为什么对其他人做出更好反应的信息，以预测快速环境变化的未来发展如何影响人口规模和稳定。作为目标，我的研究小组将确定：1）行为可塑性的差异（由探索趋势，新恐惧症和侵略性（ENA）定义）如何通过关键的环境（非生物和生物）因素改变； 2）反应性的变化是否会影响性能（觅食，反侵犯，运动行为）； 3）这些反应 - 绩效关系与在多种生态场景下建模的生长，繁殖和生存的后果。为了追求我的研究目标，我将在以人类引起的快速环境变化为特征的生态系统中使用相关和新兴的压力源。我将在多个现实世界中的行为类型（ENA）（eNA）内部和个体内部差异（温度，氧饱和度和重量金属毒性），并研究这些压力源如何影响运动生态学（空间分布模式）与风险敏感的觅食，其生长和生存有关的个人栖息。我将使用批准重新引入安大略湖的湖泊结合大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo Salar），在圈养和半自然环境下，我将探索与股票相关的行为和生理（皮肤色素沉着/压力激素）的差异，然后评估他们在不同的捕食风险和竞争风险下有效觅食的能力，以评估股票内的可塑性是否有所不同，并赋予股票之间的差异适应性。使用已知遗传谱系的太平洋奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）的基于水产养殖的股票，我将调查男性生殖策略（运动鞋与正常男性）是否具有独特的行为特征，可以通过能够由能够养育的环境来改变影响鱼类的生长速度和竞争能力。对于每个项目，我将开发基于个体或系统的动力学模型，这是在理解时空或时间上复杂系统行为的理想方法，以确定压力仪介导的响应中的个性如何扩展到各种时空或各个时空效应的效果管理生态场景。 **了解个人对不同压力源的行为响应的理解，以及这些差异如何在可变环境中相互作用并影响人口持久性对于理解某些物种在新颖环境中如何成功或失败至关重要。将这些不同的基于个体的方法与生态 - 赛纳里奥建模相结合可以帮助确定暴露于多种环境压力源人群中的关键过程和驱动力，这显着促进了基本生态和经济相关的应用研究。