Integrated high-resolution stratigraphy: Deciphering fundamental controls on basin evolution

综合高分辨率地层学：破译盆地演化的基本控制因素

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05039
• 负责人: Plint, Alexander
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662315
• 关键词: Integrated; resolution; stratigraphy; Deciphering; fundamental

Sedimentary rocks provide the most important record of life on Earth, as well as recording the history of the atmosphere and oceans. The proposed programme of investigation is concerned with sedimentary rocks deposited during the Cretaceous Period, between about 108 and 83 million years ago in what is now NE British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. At that time, the Prairie region was occupied by a shallow sea that at times connected the Arctic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico. To the west, the actively-rising Rocky Mountain chain was shedding sediment eastward into the Seaway, building deltas and coastal plains that supported a lush flora of both conifers, and, after about 104 million years ago, a rapidly diversifying assemblage of flowering plants. Environments ranging from the sandy sea shore to inland river valleys and floodplains were inhabited by many types of dinosaur, with hadrosaurs, ankylosaurs, and various theropods being particularly common. These animals are known mainly from the abundant footprints that they left in the sediments; - bones are rarely preserved. The Canadian Shield formed a low-lying land area in northern Saskatchewan and Manitoba that shed sediment westward into the seaway. We have discovered that at one time, a huge delta built out from the eastern shore to completely block the seaway. The mass of the rising Rocky Mountains depressed the crust for about 1000 km to the east, allowing a westward-thickening wedge of sediment to accumulate. Because deposition occurred in shallow water and on low-lying coastal plains, even small changes in sea-level caused lateral shifts in the shoreline position as the water alternately deepened and shallowed. Changes in the rate at which the basin subsided also caused major changes in the position of the ancient shoreline. Shoreline movements can be deduced by studying the vertical succession and lateral distribution of terrestrial, shoreline and offshore sediments. By mapping the distribution of these rock types using abundant exploration borehole data, as well as through outcrop study, it is possible to reconstruct how the geography of the basin evolved, and to assess the relative influence of sea-level (mostly controlled by changing climate), and subsidence or uplift (controlled by plate tectonics), on basin geography.***The Cretaceous rocks of Western Canada provide not only a detailed record of evolving animals, plants, sea-level change and mountain-building, but also a wealth of natural resources, of vital interest to Provincial economies. Marine mudstones deposited in the centre of the seaway contain algal tissues that, with heat, pressure, and time, generated natural gas and petroleum that accumulated in the porous sandy shoreline sediments. Low-lying coastal plains accumulated thick peat deposits that later compacted to high-quality coal, that is of major economic significance in towns like Grande Cache and Tumbler Ridge. **

沉积岩提供了地球上最重要的生活记录，并记录了大气和海洋的历史。 拟议的调查计划与白垩纪时期存放的沉积岩有关，大约在108至8300万年前，现在是不列颠哥伦比亚省东北，艾伯塔省和萨斯喀彻温省。 当时，草原地区被浅海占据，有时将北极海与墨西哥湾联系起来。 在西部，这座活跃的落基山连锁店将沉积物向东脱落到海道，建造三角洲和沿海平原，支持两个针叶树的郁郁葱葱的植物群，大约1.04亿年前，迅速多样化的开花植物组合迅速多样化。 从沙沿岸到内陆河谷和洪泛区的环境都有许多类型的恐龙居住，Hadrosaurs，Ankylosaurs和各种兽脚类动物尤其普遍。 这些动物主要来自它们在沉积物中留下的丰富足迹。 - 骨骼很少保留。 加拿大盾牌在萨斯喀彻温省北部和曼尼托巴省形成了一个低洼的土地区域，将沉积物向西移动到海道。 我们发现，一次是从东岸建造的一个巨大的三角洲，以完全挡住海道。 上升的落基山脉的质量使地壳向东约1000公里，从而使粉碎的沉积物堆积起来。 因为沉积发生在浅水和低洼的沿海平原上，所以随着水交替加深和浅层，海平面的较小变化也会引起海岸线位置的横向移位。 盆地消退的速率变化也导致了古代海岸线位置的重大变化。 海岸线运动可以通过研究垂直继承和陆地，海岸线和海上沉积物的横向分布来推断。 通过使用丰富的探索钻孔数据以及通过露头研究映射这些岩石类型的分布，可以重建盆地的地理如何发展，并评估海平面的相对影响（主要是通过变化的气候来控制），以及沉默或uplift或uplift（由板块受控的tectonics），仅提供底层地理。动物，植物，海平面变化和山区建设，以及大量自然资源，对省级经济至关重要。 沉积在海道中心的海洋泥石包含藻类组织，并带有热，压力和时间，产生的天然气和石油积聚在多孔的沙质海岸线沉积物中。低洼的沿海平原积累了厚的泥炭沉积物，后来压缩到高质量的煤炭上，这在格兰德·卡奇（Grande Cache）和汤伯山脉（Tumbler Ridge）等城镇具有重要的经济意义。 **