Real-Time Signal Processing using Hardware Implementation of Bio-Inspired Systems

使用仿生系统的硬件实现进行实时信号处理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04988
• 负责人: Mirhassani, Mitra
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=659861
• 关键词: Real; Time; Signal; Processing; using

It is expected that vision facilitation will play an important part in automotive safety, handheld devices, and wireless imaging. At the same time demands on imaging systems to reduce power and area are increasing. Consequently, novel solutions are required to achieve this goal. * A conventional machine vision system has to sample a visual field at high speed. It also has to store large amounts of useless information, in the range of megabytes of data, for each frame. Useful information is buried under the raw data in each frame which, in turn, has to be heavily processed to extract it. * For optical flow measurement in image sensors used for motion detection, the processing task is even more complicated since optic flow is comprised of both spatial as well as temporal phenomena. This means that the vision system for optical flow measurement has to be designed to measure the spatio-temporal information, which requires a high number of computational tasks. * In contrast to conventional vision systems, a dedicated vision chip is an integrated circuit that contains both image acquisition and processing. * In this proposal, advanced integrated vision sensors with concurrent pixel arrays, using analog and mixed-signal structures chip will be investigated. The integrated sensor captures and pre-processes the image, which means it will extract only useful data from each pixel. The circuits and algorithms are inspired by biological models of insect vision. * In insects, the eye element has a 2-D topology that is similar to integrated pixels. However, the neural circuits in insects adapt to variable light and are useful for detecting moving objects. The integrated vision sensor can be implemented by analog circuits, which in turn can effectively function in low contrast environments. Most importantly, this method allows circuitry to be implemented in a small package, which can be integrated in complex systems, serving as a pre-processing unit for intelligent sensor networks.

预计视觉促进将在汽车安全、手持设备和无线成像领域发挥重要作用。与此同时，对成像系统降低功耗和面积的要求也在不断增加。因此，需要新颖的解决方案来实现这一目标。 * 传统的机器视觉系统必须高速采样视野。它还必须为每个帧存储大量无用信息（数据范围为兆字节）。有用的信息隐藏在每一帧的原始数据下，而这些原始数据又必须经过大量处理才能提取出来。 * 对于用于运动检测的图像传感器中的光流测量，处理任务更加复杂，因为光流由空间和时间现象组成。这意味着用于光流测量的视觉系统必须被设计来测量时空信息，这需要大量的计算任务。 * 与传统视觉系统相比，专用视觉芯片是一块包含图像采集和处理功能的集成电路。 * 在本提案中，将研究使用模拟和混合信号结构芯片的具有并发像素阵列的先进集成视觉传感器。集成传感器捕获并预处理图像，这意味着它将仅从每个像素中提取有用的数据。这些电路和算法的灵感来自昆虫视觉的生物模型。 * 在昆虫中，眼睛元件具有类似于集成像素的二维拓扑。然而，昆虫的神经回路适应可变的光线，对于检测移动的物体很有用。集成视觉传感器可以通过模拟电路来实现，从而可以在低对比度环境中有效地工作。最重要的是，这种方法允许在小型封装中实现电路，从而可以集成到复杂的系统中，充当智能传感器网络的预处理单元。