Physiological and biochemical insights into the biology of marine vertebrates and the ecosystems within which they function

对海洋脊椎动物及其功能的生态系统的生物学的生理和生化见解

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04374
• 负责人: Iverson, Sara
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=654358
• 关键词: Physiological; biochemical; insights; into; biology

My research program combines the fields of lipid biochemistry and metabolism, energetics, comparative physiology and ecology of marine vertebrates to better understand their varied life history strategies and how they cope with, or may be constrained by, changing environmental conditions. We use a suite of tools ranging from biochemical tracers to tracking technology to whole animal energetic measurements, in conjunction with measures of other life history characteristics. A major goal of my program has been to use my studies on fatty acid (FA) metabolism and biosynthesis to understand deposition and processing of FAs from diet, in order to develop a relatively non-invasive method to determine diets of free-ranging marine and terrestrial animals from their metabolically active fat stores (quantitative FA signature analysis, QFASA). Knowledge of diets is critical to understanding animal energetics, trophic dependencies and life histories of individuals and populations; it is thus also a critical component to understanding food web structure, ecosystem dynamics and responses of animal populations to environmental change. Over the next funding cycle, we will advance the accuracy and precision of QFASA procedures using new statistical techniques, develop methodology to address questions stemming from real-life data, and compile these new tools into a published QFASA package in "R" that will be readily accessible to other investigators. These tools, validated with additional new captive studies, will be used in all of our other work. Building on our newly initiated studies in the North Pacific Ocean, we will use a combination of physiological sampling and positional telemetry techniques to examine the potential drivers of both real-time and carry-over effects on physiology in marine animals, and how variations in ocean climate, winter migration patterns, and foraging effort before and during the breeding season differentially or collectively affect future pre-breeding condition, reproductive investment, and breeding success. We will expand our studies using grey seals as a model species to examine sources and drivers of variation in lactation performance, juvenile survival and recruitment, and lifetime reproductive success, and we will examine individual specialization in resource utilization, its impacts on the ecosystem, and the influence of long-term (4 decades) environmental and ecological change on this large marine predator. My research program will also train a new generation of scientists across multidisciplinary fields. My research program will continue to provide critical insight into physiological process, individual fitness, population dynamics, and ecosystem function, and will have important applications to the conservation and management of free-ranging marine mammal, seabird, and fish populations.**

我的研究项目结合了海洋脊椎动物的脂质生物化学和代谢、能量学、比较生理学和生态学领域，以更好地了解它们不同的生活史策略以及它们如何应对或可能受到不断变化的环境条件的限制。我们使用一系列工具，从生化示踪剂到跟踪技术，再到整个动物的能量测量，并结合其他生活史特征的测量。我的项目的一个主要目标是利用我对脂肪酸 (FA) 代谢和生物合成的研究来了解饮食中 FA 的沉积和加工，以便开发一种相对非侵入性的方法来确定自由放养的海洋和海洋生物的饮食。陆生动物代谢活跃的脂肪储存（定量 FA 特征分析，QFASA）。饮食知识对于了解动物能量、营养依赖性以及个体和群体的生活史至关重要；因此，它也是了解食物网结构、生态系统动态和动物种群对环境变化的反应的重要组成部分。在下一个资助周期中，我们将使用新的统计技术提高 QFASA 程序的准确性和精确度，开发方法来解决现实生活中数据产生的问题，并将这些新工具编译成已发布的“R”QFASA 包，该包将在其他调查人员很容易接触到。这些工具经过其他新的专属研究的验证，将用于我们所有其他工作。基于我们在北太平洋新启动的研究，我们将结合使用生理采样和位置遥测技术来研究海洋动物生理学实时影响和残留影响的潜在驱动因素，以及海洋变化如何影响气候、冬季迁徙模式以及繁殖季节之前和期间的觅食努力会不同或共同影响未来的繁殖前条件、繁殖投资和繁殖成功。我们将使用灰海豹作为模型物种来扩大我们的研究，以研究泌乳性能、幼体生存和招募以及终生繁殖成功率变化的来源和驱动因素，我们将研究资源利用方面的个体专业化及其对生态系统的影响，以及长期（4年）环境和生态变化对这种大型海洋捕食者的影响。我的研究计划还将培养跨学科领域的新一代科学家。我的研究项目将继续提供对生理过程、个体健康、种群动态和生态系统功能的重要见解，并将在自由放养的海洋哺乳动物、海鸟和鱼类种群的保护和管理方面具有重要的应用。**