Ecology of coastal invertebrates in a changing ocean

变化的海洋中沿海无脊椎动物的生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05870
• 负责人: Hunt, Heather
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=654105
• 关键词: Ecology; coastal; invertebrates; changing; ocean

Human impacts including climate change are negatively affecting marine ecosystems in Canada and around the world. Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have resulted in both changes in patterns of ocean temperatures and acidification (decreased pH and carbonate saturation) of seawater and these impacts are projected to increase in future. The long-term objective of the proposed research program is to increase our understanding of the influence of climate change on coastal marine ecosystems. This research program builds on my previous research on sediment acidification and patterns of subtidal biodiversity. Understanding the effects of climate change in coastal waters is complicated by the large amount of natural variability in seawater pH and temperature in these systems. In addition, organisms living within sediment are exposed to more acidic conditions due to microbial decomposition, resulting in present-day carbonate saturation states low enough to dissolve bivalve shells. Research in my lab has demonstrated that juvenile clams will respond to acidified sediment by decreased burrowing and increased dispersal. The proposed research will address gaps in our knowledge of coastal acidification by examining the effects of variability in acidification compared to constant acidification treatments and by assessing whether organisms that live within the sediment are affected more by acidification of the water or by acidification of the sediment. The second area of climate change research which I propose will quantify and forecast changes in patterns of abundance and distribution of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobster) and fish in subtidal cobble habitat that are occurring in response to changes in ocean temperature. Through collaboration with researchers using cobble-filled collectors to measure lobster recruitment, my research lab has been examining biodiversity in subtidal cobble habitats. Decapod and fish data will be collected in shallow coastal areas in 3 regions of the Canadian Maritimes which differ in oceanographic conditions. Changes in patterns of distribution and abundance, such as the recent increase in cunner in the Quoddy region of the Bay of Fundy, will be examined in comparison to changes in ocean climate and species traits. Overall, the proposed research will contribute to a greater understanding of the effects of climate change in shallow coastal marine habitats, ecosystems which are extremely productive, but poorly understood and insufficiently studied.***

人类的影响包括气候变化对加拿大和世界各地的海洋生态系统产生负面影响。二氧化碳的人为排放导致海水的海洋温度模式变化和酸化（pH和碳酸盐饱和度降低）的变化，这些影响预计将来会增加。拟议的研究计划的长期目标是增加我们对气候变化对沿海海洋生态系统的影响的理解。该研究计划以我先前关于沉积物酸化和潮汐生物多样性模式的研究为基础。了解沿海水域气候变化的影响使这些系统中海水pH和温度的大量自然变化变得复杂。此外，由于微生物分解，生活在沉积物中的生物会暴露于更酸性的条件下，导致当今的碳酸盐饱和状态较低，足以溶解双壳类壳。我实验室的研究表明，少年蛤s将通过减少和增加的分散来应对酸化的沉积物。拟议的研究将通过研究酸化中的变异性与恒定的酸化治疗相比，并通过评估生活在沉积物中的生物是否受到水的酸化或通过沉积物的酸化来影响酸化的影响，以解决我们对沿海酸化知识的差距。我提出的气候变化研究的第二个领域将量化和预测decapod甲壳类动物（螃蟹，虾，龙虾）和潮汐卵石栖息地的decap虫（蟹，虾，龙虾）的模式的变化，这些栖息地响应海洋温度的变化而发生。通过与研究人员合作，使用充满鹅卵石的收集器来测量龙虾招募，我的研究实验室一直在检查潮汐卵石栖息地中的生物多样性。 Decapod和Fish数据将在加拿大海事的3个地区的浅沿海地区收集，这在海洋条件下有所不同。与海洋气候和物种性状的变化相比，将检查分布和抽象模式的变化，例如芬迪湾怪异区域中最近的Cunner增加。总体而言，拟议的研究将有助于对浅水海洋栖息地的气候变化的影响有更多的了解，这些生态系统的生产力极高，但缺乏理解和不足的研究。*** ***