Ecosytem functionning at the crossroad of biogeography and community ecology

生态系统在生物地理学和群落生态学的十字路口发挥作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05418
• 负责人: Gravel, Dominique
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=652347
• 关键词: Ecosytem; functionning; crossroad; biogeography; community

Ecologists have always been fascinated by the spatial distribution of biodiversity. Temperature impacts directly many ecosystem processes over large biogeographical gradients because it affects biological rates. Climate is also an essential driver of many species ranges and ecological interactions. At the crossroad between these facts is however found a fundamental, and still unanswered, question: to what extent the distribution of biodiversity, and the community ecology taking place, is influencing the global distribution of ecosystem functioning? The long-term objective of my research program is to develop theory to understand and predict biodiversity distribution and ecosystem functioning at biogeographical spatial scales. More specifically, I will investigate the hypothesis that the spatial variation of the architecture of ecological interactions is constraining ecosystem productivity at the biogeographical scale, in synergy with the direct effect of temperature on biological rates. My specific objectives are: i) develop a mathematical formalism to represent the architecture of metaecosystem interaction networks; ii) synthesize the complexity of metaecosystems with analysis of their dimensionality; iii) formalize and test quantitative theory of temperature-dependence of trophic regulation. ******I will integrate different methodological approaches to reach my objectives, from mathematical modeling to experiments and field observations. In project 1, I will reconstruct the network of direct and indirect ecological interactions across the Arctic. I will conduct field sampling at sites spread across the gradient to document plant-herbivore, plant-pollinator and predator-prey interactions, which I will integrate with knowledge of spatial exchanges by migration and foraging of animals. In project 2, I will investigate the dimensionality of metaecosystems. I will quantify the number of latent variables required to describe the variation in the structure of willows-gallers-parasitoids networks across northern Europe. In project 3, I will develop and test a quantitative theory of temperature-dependence of trophic regulation. I will use the microbial food web inhabiting the leaves of the purple pitcher plants to parameterize the model and conduct experiments testing its quantitative predictions. The strength of this program is based upon the integration of biogeography, community ecology and ecosystem ecology. The formalism I will develop will bring the field beyond the simplistic view of 'networks of networks'. Metaecosystems are among the most complex ecological structures because they integrate space, time and interactions and I will quantify their dimensions to challenge the view that community ecology is a mess. Finally, the theory I develop will be critical to understand the joint effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning.

生态学家一直对生物多样性的空间分布着迷。温度直接影响大型生物地理梯度的许多生态系统过程，因为它会影响生物学率。气候也是许多物种范围和生态相互作用的重要驱动力。然而，在这些事实之间的十字路口中，发现了一个基本的，但仍未得到答复的问题：生物多样性的分布以及发生的社区生态在多大程度上影响了生态系统功能的全球分布？我的研究计划的长期目标是开发理论，以理解和预测生物地理空间尺度下的生物多样性分布和生态系统功能。更具体地说，我将调查以下假设：生态相互作用体系结构的空间变化是在生物地理量表上限制生态系统的生产力，这与温度对生物学速率的直接影响是协同作用。我的具体目标是：i）开发一种数学形式主义，以代表元系统交互网络的体系结构； ii）通过分析其维度的分析，综合了元编号的复杂性； iii）形式化和测试营养调节温度依赖性的定量理论。 ******我将整合不同的方法论方法以实现我的目标，从数学建模到实验和现场观察。在项目1中，我将重建整个北极的直接和间接生态相互作用的网络。我将在分布在整个梯度上的地点进行现场采样，以记录植物 - 植物动物，植物 - 授粉和捕食者 - 捕集互动的相互作用，我将通过迁移和觅食动物的空间交流来集成。在项目2中，我将研究元系统的维度。我将量化描述北欧各地柳树 - 加尔瓦斯 - 寄生虫网络结构的变化所需的潜在变量数量。在项目3中，我将开发和检验一种营养调节温度依赖性的定量理论。我将使用居住在紫色植物叶子的叶片的微生物食品网中来参数化模型，并进行测试其定量预测的实验。该计划的优势基于生物地理，社区生态学和生态系统生态学的整合。我将开发的形式主义将使该领域超越“网络网络”的简单视图。元系统是最复杂的生态结构之一，因为它们整合了空间，时间和互动，我将量化它们的维度，以挑战社区生态是一团糟的观点。最后，我发展的理论对于了解气候变化和生物多样性丧失对生态系统功能的联合影响至关重要。