Load demand management with high renewable energy penetration in distribution systems

配电系统中可再生能源渗透率高的负载需求管理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04580
• 负责人: Chandra, Ambrish
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: École de technologie supérieure
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=647149
• 关键词: Load; demand; management; renewable; energy

Distributed Renewable Resources (DRRs) differ from conventional and fossil-fired resources in a fundamental way. Their sources (wind velocity and solar radiation in particular) cannot be controlled or stored. Further, renewable power generation often does not correlate with consumer load demand in real time due to its high intermittency. It may lead to one of the main causes of destabilizing the power system. In light of increased penetrations of these DRRs (50-60%) with the future grid, it will be difficult even for conventional power plants to participate effectively with great impact in maintaining stability of the network. In such reformed grid structure with high DRRs penetration, it will become a real challenging task to instantaneously predict and control total power generation in the entire grid. The operation of power grid will be more deliberately governed on the basis of DRRs generation rather than consumer loads demand. The main problems which may arise are increased voltage distortions in terms of flicker, sag, swell and its harmonic contents, frequency control etc. To solve such problems, solutions are presented in literature, such as, increased rating of a stand-by DG unit and employing storage system for maintaining deficit real time load demands.***The demand side management is alternative solution for mitigating intermittency of the DRRs in the power system. The load power consumption is controlled such that load demand follow power generation. Load demand management methods are classified as load scheduling, use of energy storage systems (ESS), direct on-off control of non-critical loads etc. However most of these methods are suitable for load management in time frame of hours. They do not work in real time, except with the use of ESS. Recently, electric spring (ES) concept has been proposed as a smart load for demand management in real time. However, it has not been analyzed very much in terms of its design, efficient control and its worthiness under high penetration of wind and solar PV generation with distribution systems. Moreover, in near future, energy demand is expected to increase rapidly in the sector of transportation to supply plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs). These charging stations of PEVs may be used as flexible loads to stabilize the grid. ***In view of these challenges, there is an immediate requirement for detailed investigation for technologies with distribution system to mitigate intermittency of DRRs. The main objectives of the proposed research project are as follows,***• Design, modeling, control, implementation and performance evaluation of selected topologies of smart loads to achieve loss minimization, technical upgradation, size reduction under increased penetrations of DRRs.***• Design, modeling and control for scheduling the dispatch of parking stations for PEVs under increased penetrations of DRRs to improve grid stability and customer satisfaction. *****

分布式可再生资源（DRR）与传统资源和化石燃料资源有着根本的不同，它们的来源（特别是风速和太阳辐射）无法控制或存储。此外，可再生能源发电通常与消费者的负载需求无关。由于其高间歇性，这可能是导致电力系统不稳定的主要原因之一，鉴于这些DRR在未来电网中的渗透率不断提高（50-60%），即使对于传统电网来说，这也将是困难的。在这种DRR渗透率较高的改革后的电网结构中，发电厂的有效参与对维持电网的稳定具有重大影响，即时预测和控制整个电网的发电量将成为一项真正具有挑战性的任务。可能出现的主要问题是在闪变、骤降、骤升及其谐波含量、频率控制等方面的电压畸变增加。为了解决这些问题，需要制定解决方案。呈现在文献中，例如，提高备用 DG 单元的额定值并采用存储系统来维持不足的实时负载需求。***需求侧管理是减轻电力系统中 DRR 间歇性的替代解决方案。控制消耗，使负载需求跟随发电。负载需求管理方法分为负载调度、使用储能系统（ESS）、非关键负载的直接开关控制等。然而，这些方法中的大多数都适用于他们不以小时为单位进行负载管理。除了使用 ESS 之外，最近，电动弹簧（ES）概念被提出作为实时需求管理的智能负载，但在其设计、效率方面还没有进行太多分析。此外，在不久的将来，交通领域对插电式电动汽车（PEV）的能源需求预计将迅速增加。 PEV 可用作柔性负载以稳定***鉴于这些挑战，迫切需要对分布式系统技术进行详细研究，以减轻 DRR 的间歇性。拟议研究项目的主要目标如下：***• 设计、建模、对选定的智能负载拓扑进行控制、实施和性能评估，以在 DRR 普及率提高的情况下实现损失最小化、技术升级、尺寸减小。***• 在 DRR 普及率提高的情况下调度 PEV 停车站调度的设计、建模和控制DRR 提高电网稳定性和客户满意度*****。