Ecological and evolutionary constraints of plant tolerance to herbivory

植物对食草动物耐受性的生态和进化限制

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2017-04447
负责人：
Carrillo, Juli
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
University of British Columbia
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=646917
关键词：
Ecological evolutionary constraints plant tolerance

项目摘要

Some plants can tolerate herbivory and tissue damage without reductions in fitness (or yield), yet we know very little about the evolution and ecology of tolerance traits, or even the mechanisms involved in plant compensatory ability. Moreover, we still lack a basic understanding of whether the two components of plant defense against herbivores – resistance (avoiding being eaten) and tolerance (enduring being eaten) – differ in their ecological and evolutionary relationships to plant growth and reproduction. This is despite the fact that the expression and fixation of tolerance responses within plant populations may have immense ecological consequences, e.g. through decreasing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents for invasive weeds, or supporting a more diverse insect community in crops. Indeed, theory suggests that tolerance of herbivory may fundamentally differ from plant resistance in its effects on the population dynamics of insect herbivores and their natural enemies, e.g by avoiding the evolutionary arms race typical in plant-insect resistance evolution. A greater understanding of plant tolerance traits and impact could not only resolve some of the outstanding ecological and evolutionary questions around variation in plant defense and specificity in plant-insect interactions, but also produce an actionable target for plant improvement and protection programs.******My proposed research program's long-term objective is to provide a mechanistic and genetic framework to understand the ecology and evolution of plant tolerance of herbivory. To achieve this, HQP in my lab and I will use field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments to: 1) Identify biochemical and physiological mechanisms of tolerance; 2) Explore genetic markers for tolerance traits; 3) Determine ecological impacts of tolerance on key biotic interactions; and 4) Compare the evolution of tolerance in plant populations that have experienced ecological and evolutionary divergence. In particular, the comparison of traits among populations that span a gradient of plant-insect interactions (e.g. domesticated crops and their wild relatives), will be a powerful approach to understand the relationships among plant traits and insect population dynamics across ecological and evolutionary time scales. ******There is transformative potential for incorporating the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of plant tolerance to herbivory in plant breeding and crop production. Plant tolerance could have a large impact on plant yields despite high insect loads, and could slow and disrupt the evolution of pest resistance, which underscores the urgency of this research. Indeed, as tolerance responses in plants are likely related to a multitude of stress responses, including to drought, temperature and herbicide application, the products of this research program will be applicable to other plant improvements beyond pest management. **

有些植物可以耐受食草和组织损伤，而不会降低适应性（或产量），但我们对耐受性状的进化和生态学，甚至对补偿能力的机制知之甚少，而且，我们仍然缺乏基本的了解。植物防御食草动物的两个组成部分——抵抗（避免被吃掉）和耐受（忍受被吃掉）——在与植物生长和繁殖的生态和进化关系上有所不同，尽管事实上耐受反应的表达和固定在植物体内。植物种群可能会产生巨大的生态后果，例如通过降低生物防治剂对入侵杂草的有效性，或支持作物中更多样化的昆虫群落。事实上，理论表明，草食性的耐受性可能与植物的抗性在其对种群动态的影响方面存在根本不同。昆虫食草动物及其天敌，例如通过避免植物-昆虫抗性进化中典型的进化军备竞赛，更好地了解植物耐受性特征和影响不仅可以解决围绕植物防御和特异性变异的一些突出的生态和进化问题。在植物与昆虫的相互作用，同时也为植物改良和保护计划提供了一个可行的目标。******我提出的研究计划的长期目标是提供一个机制和遗传框架来了解植物耐受性的生态和进化为了实现这一目标，我和我的实验室的 HQP 将利用田间、温室和实验室实验来： 1) 确定耐受性的生化和生理机制； 2) 探索耐受性状的遗传标记； 3) 确定耐受性对生态的影响；关键生物4）比较经历了生态和进化分歧的植物种群的耐受性进化，特别是跨越植物-昆虫相互作用梯度的种群（例如驯化作物及其野生近缘种）之间的性状比较。理解跨生态和进化时间尺度的植物性状和昆虫种群动态之间的关系的强大方法********将植物对草食性的遗传和生化机制纳入植物育种和作物生产中具有变革潜力。宽容可能会产生很大的影响尽管昆虫负荷很高，但仍会影响植物产量，并可能减缓和破坏害虫抗性的进化，这强调了这项研究的紧迫性，因为植物的耐受反应可能与多种胁迫反应有关，包括干旱、温度和胁迫反应。除草剂应用，该研究项目的产品将适用于除害虫防治之外的其他植物改良。