Development and Application of Novel Life Cycle-based Framework: Towards a Sustainable Aviation Fuel Strategy for Canada

基于生命周期的新型框架的开发和应用：加拿大可持续航空燃料战略

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06037
• 负责人: MacLean, Heather
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=637760
• 关键词: Development; Application; Novel; Life; Cycle

Systems level approaches encompassing technical, environmental, and socio-economic components are necessary to evaluate the sustainability of emerging energy technologies. In spite of the importance of analyzing potential net benefits during R&D and deployment, prospective analyses of energy systems continue to be problematic. The majority of focus on transportation sector sustainability has been on light-duty vehicles, with comparatively little examination of the aviation sector with its unique challenges and complete reliance on fossil fuels. Motivating a critical evaluation of alternative aviation fuels are: 1) that fuel cost represents ~1/3 of airlines' operating costs; 2) fuel demand growth is exceeding aircraft efficiency improvements; 3) International Air Transport Association's ambitious alternative fuel use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals; and, 4) expected regulations that will limit or put a price on GHG emissions. Aviation fuels currently represent a $212 B/y global market and biofuels are viewed by many as the most promising alternative due to their potential for domestic production, low GHG emissions and ability to be used in current aircraft. However, aviation biofuel are not without challenges, including early stage of development, cost, supply and uncertain environmental impacts. There is considerable debate as to which, if any, fuels and technologies are viable at moderate scale. Development of an improved systems level framework to critically evaluate energy supply options for Canada's aviation sector, and an understanding of key domestic feedstocks and production processes for aviation biofuels, are urgently needed. With the overall aim of advancing the state-of-the-art in systems analysis and improving the sustainability of the aviation sector, the proposed research will; a) Develop a generalized systems-based decision support framework to evaluate sustainability implications of bioenergy systems, b) Improve our understanding of the sustainability implications of feedstock, supply chain and conversion process options for aviation fuels in the Canadian context, through applying the framework to biojet and conventional jet fuels, and c) Investigate, from a sustainability perspective, the role aviation biofuels could, and more importantly, should play in Canada's energy future through examination of plausible scenarios. The proposed research program is innovative and expected to have a transformational effect by significantly improving how we evaluate the sustainability of bioenergy technologies through more comprehensive and accurate analysis. The program results have the potential to impact society and its sustainability through facilitating scientific and engineering progress, improved decision making in the transportation energy and aviation sectors and government and the training of HQP in an emerging field.

系统级别的方法包括技术，环境和社会经济组成部分对于评估新兴能源技术的可持续性是必要的。尽管在研发和部署期间分析潜在的净福利的重要性，但对能源系统的前瞻性分析仍然存在问题。大多数关注运输部门可持续性的关注是在轻型车辆上，对航空部门的检查相对较少，其独特的挑战和完全依赖化石燃料。激励对替代航空燃料的批判性评估是：1）燃料成本代表〜1/3航空公司的运营成本； 2）燃料需求增长超过了飞机效率的提高； 3）国际航空运输协会雄心勃勃的替代燃料使用和温室气体（GHG）减少目标； 4）预期法规将限制或对温室气体排放构成代价。航空燃料目前代表了212美元的全球市场，许多人认为生物燃料是最有前途的替代品，因为它们的国内生产潜力，低温室气体排放量以及在当前飞机中使用的能力。但是，航空生物燃料并非没有挑战，包括发展的早期阶段，成本，供应和不确定的环境影响。关于燃料和技术在中等规模上可行的燃料和技术存在很大的争论。迫切需要开发改进的系统水平框架，以评估加拿大航空部门的能源供应方案，并迫切需要对航空生物燃料的关键原料和生产过程的理解。为了促进系统分析的最先进和改善航空部门的可持续性的总体目的，拟议的研究将； a）开发一个基于系统的决策支持框架来评估生物能源系统的可持续性影响，b）提高我们对在加拿大环境中航空燃料的原料，供应链和转换过程的可持续性含义的理解，通过将框架应用于加拿大的环境从可持续性的角度来看，生物码头和常规喷气燃料以及c）调查航空生物燃料的作用，更重要的是，应该通过检查可行的情况来在加拿大的能量未来中发挥作用。拟议的研究计划具有创新性，预计将通过更全面和准确的分析来评估生物能源技术的可持续性，从而产生变革效果。该计划的结果有可能通过促进科学和工程进步，改善运输能源和航空部门的决策以及政府以及在新兴领域对HQP进行培训，从而影响社会及其可持续性。