Broadband sensor signal processing, detection and classification of rare and unusual events

宽带传感器信号处理、罕见和异常事件的检测和分类

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06644
• 负责人: Driessen, Peter
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=637483
• 关键词: Broadband; sensor; signal; processing; detection

The research program is the area of extracting information from broadband sensors and arrays, both acoustic and electromagnetic. Of particular interest is the detection and classification of rare or unusual events (outliers). We focus on data from three types of sensors: (1) hydrophones in underwater cabled ocean observatory networks, (2) arbitrary microphone arrays made with smartphones, and (3) broadband radio antennas.A key novelty of our approach is to expand upon on our early success with hydrophone data to include other sensor types, and exploring the application of audio signal processing techniques to broadband radio signals. The background noise and unwanted events become increasingly complex as we move from hydrophones to smartphones to radio, with associated increase in risk. The research uses real-world measured data and is guided by interaction with end users. Applications range from sound environment monitoring to marine biology to wireless communications to security.Ocean Networks Canada operates several cable-linked seafloor observatories in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Salish Sea near Victoria BC and the Arctic. These observatories currently deliver continuous real time information from the seafloor via fibre optic cables connected to oceanographic instruments. Hydrophone data is streamed 24/7 and archived. Most of this data is uninteresting noise. The challenge is to find the rare (unusual) audio events of interest such as shipping and marine mammal activity. The work leverages the $225M investment in Ocean Networks Canada cabled undersea observatories, to fully exploiting the opportunity provided by continuous observation. It is impractical to manually listen, find and classify rare and unusual events in the huge volume of data. The proposed rare event detection and classification algorithms are essential for the success of these sustained ocean monitoring programs.We consider microphone arrays of arbitrary and possibly changing geometry, inspired by the ubiquitous use of smart cellphones with GPS location abilities. Smartphones are a promising platform for experimentation since they include speakers and wireless (radios) as well as microphones and are programmable. In principle, these smart cellphones may be used to gather acoustic data, which may be particularly interesting where people (with smartphones) are gathered in one place (inside or outside). The many smartphones in use offer the potential to generate a huge volume of data. Smartphone array capabilities range from estimating source locations and/or room characteristics (dimensions, material reflection coefficients), de-reverberation, sound source separation, speech enhancement. These capabilities can be used to support and enhance the detection and classification of rare events, thus using the omnipresence of smartphones to create new capabilities in audio sound environment monitoring.Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio systems have been studied extensively and are commercially available. The regulations in the US specify the maximum spectral density (power per unit bandwidth). Most UWB equipment operates in the 3-10 GHz range but the same spectral density is permitted below about 1 GHz. UWB systems in this lower range are much less commonly studied. This radio spectrum also has rare events of interest (e.g. unauthorized transmissions, unusual propagation phenomena) that we wish to detect and classify. These UWB radio systems may be viewed as analogous to audio systems in that their bandwidth spans more than 10 octaves, thus the techniques for rare event detection used with hydrophones and smartphones may be adapted for radio. Applications include wireless communications, infrastructure monitoring and surveillance.

该研究计划是从声学和电磁范围内提取信息的领域。特别有趣的是对罕见或异常事件（异常值）的检测和分类。 We focus on data from three types of sensors: (1) hydrophones in underwater cabled ocean observatory networks, (2) arbitrary microphone arrays made with smartphones, and (3) broadband radio antennas.A key novelty of our approach is to expand upon on our early success with hydrophone data to include other sensor types, and exploring the application of audio signal processing techniques to broadband radio signals.随着我们从水力发管转移到智能手机再到无线电，背景噪声和不需要的事件越来越复杂，随着风险的增加。该研究使用现实世界中测量的数据，并通过与最终用户的互动来指导。应用程序从良好的环境监测到海洋生物学再到无线通信再到安全性。CANACENTSCANANES在东北太平洋，不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚州和北极地区的东北太平洋，萨利什海运营着几个连接的海底天文台。这些天文台目前通过连接到海洋仪器的光纤电缆从海底传达连续的实时信息。水文数据被24/7流流并存档。大多数数据都是无趣的噪声。面临的挑战是找到罕见的（不寻常的）音频事件，例如运输和海洋哺乳动物活动。这项工作利用了加拿大海洋网络的2.25亿美元投资，充满了海底天文台，以充分利用持续观察提供的机会。在大量数据中手动倾听，查找和分类罕见和不寻常的事件是不切实际的。拟议的罕见事件检测和分类算法对于这些持续的海洋监测程序的成功至关重要。我们考虑麦克风阵列任意且可能改变的几何形状，灵感来自与具有GPS位置能力的智能手机的启发。智能手机是一个有前途的实验平台，因为它们包括扬声器和无线（无线电）以及麦克风，并且是可编程的。原则上，这些智能手机可用于收集声学数据，在一个地方（内部或外部）收集人（带有智能手机）的人（带有智能手机）的情况下，这可能特别有趣。使用的许多智能手机都具有生成大量数据的潜力。智能手机阵列功能范围从估计源位置和/或房间特征（尺寸，材料反射系数），撤退，声源分离，语音增强。这些功能可用于支持和增强罕见事件的检测和分类，因此使用智能手机的无所不知来在音频环境监控中创建新的功能。已经进行了广泛的研究，并在商业上进行了广泛的研究。美国规定规定了最大光谱密度（单位带宽功率）。大多数UWB设备在3-10 GHz范围内运行，但在约1 GHz以下允许相同的光谱密度。在此较低范围内的UWB系统的研究要少得多。该无线电频谱还具有罕见的感兴趣事件（例如，未经授权的传输，异常传播现象），我们希望检测和分类。这些UWB无线电系统可能被视为与音频系统相似，因为它们的带宽跨越了10个以上的八度，因此可以将用于氢和智能手机使用的稀有事件检测技术适合无线电。应用程序包括无线通信，基础设施监控和监视。