Supramolecular Main-Group Chemistry

超分子主族化学

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2016-06452
负责人：
VargasBaca, Ignacio
金额：
$ 2.62万
依托单位：
McMaster University
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632649
关键词：
Supramolecular Main Group Chemistry

项目摘要

Synthetic chemists have achieved exquisite control of the structure of matter at atomic scale. Their ability to selectively form and rearrange bonds between atoms is behind spectacular advances in the development of new medicinal drugs and materials for advanced technologies, to name a couple of examples. However, manipulating strong interatomic bonds often leads to unwanted side processes; chemical reactions seldom are 100% efficient. Even when by-products are obtained in small amounts and are easily removed, the limited efficiencies of such methods are greatly amplified when a synthesis must be carried out in multiple steps in order to form a large and complex structure. In many instances nature gets around such a problem by using weak bonds, which are easy to break and reconnect; this property allows thermodynamics to spontaneously “correct errors” in the structure. The adaptation of this concept to the control of molecular organization and structure is the basis of supramolecular chemistry. Most work in this area has relied on intermolecular links like hydrogen bridges and the binding of metal ions to electron-rich molecules. In recent years, the affinity of atoms of elements like iodine for atoms bearing lone pairs of electrons has received much attention and the term “halogen bond” has formally been adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to describe it. Other heavy elements, also from the p-block of the periodic table, have analogous abilities to form supramolecular links.

举几个例子，合成化学家已经实现了对原子尺度物质结构的精确控制，他们能够选择性地形成和重新排列原子之间的键，从而在先进技术的新药物和材料的开发方面取得了巨大的进步。，操纵强原子间键通常会导致不需要的副反应；即使副产物数量很少并且很容易去除，这种方法的有限效率也会大大放大。为了形成一个大而复杂的结构，合成必须分多个步骤进行，在许多情况下，大自然通过使用容易断裂和重新连接的弱键来解决这个问题；这种特性允许热力学自发地“纠正错误”。这一概念对分子组织和结构的控制是超分子化学的基础，该领域的大多数工作都依赖于氢桥等分子间连接以及金属离子与富电子分子的结合。近年来，亲和力像碘这样带有孤对电子的原子的原子受到了广泛的关注，国际纯粹与应用化学联合会正式采用术语“卤键”来描述它。元素周期表中的元素具有类似的形成超分子链接的能力。