The impact of oceanic microbial communities on marine biogeochemistry now and in the future

海洋微生物群落对现在和未来海洋生物地球化学的影响

• 批准号: 421436-2012
• 负责人: LaRoche, Julie
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632192
• 关键词: impact; oceanic; microbial; communities; marine

Interdisciplinary research on the diversity and function of microorganisms will be conducted in diverse marine water column environments in the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the Bedford Basin, a nutrient-rich marine embayment, to nutrient-poor oceanic waters. Marine microorganisms have a large impact on the cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in the ocean. In particular the nitrogen cycle is mediated at every step by microorganisms. The research will focus on the cycling of nitrogen in the ocean, more particularly on the importance of N2 fixation. The availability of iron plays an important role in the biological transformation of nitrogen because many mediating enzymes require iron as a co-factor. Iron is a limiting nutrient in large areas of the ocean, leading to the accumulation of high dissolved inorganic nutrients in surface waters. It is important to understand how microorganisms have adapted to cope with low iron and this will be a second focus of the research. The communities of marine microorganisms in each environment studied will be characterized at the genomic and transcriptomic levels using pure cultures and natural assemblages of microorganisms. The research will yield a baseline of the functional genetic diversity of the communities of microorganisms in the Atlantic Ocean. This will provide a framework to understand how marine microorganisms influence ocean productivity and climate change through feedback processes between the surface of the ocean and the lower atmosphere. Ocean productivity is at the basis of fish production, and management of fish stocks requires understanding the factors controlling nutrient cycles and phytoplankton growth. The results will be important to assess and predict how the marine microorganisms will respond and evolve in the future ocean.

关于微生物的多样性和功能的跨学科研究将在大西洋的各种海洋水柱环境中进行，从贝德福德盆地（一种营养丰富的海洋胚胎）到营养贫穷的海洋水域。海洋微生物对海洋中碳，氮，磷和铁等元素的循环产生了很大的影响。特别是，微生物在每个步骤中介导氮循环。这项研究将集中于海洋中氮的循环，尤其是固定的重要性。铁的可用性在氮的生物转化中起着重要作用，因为许多介导酶需要铁作为共同因子。铁是海洋大面积的一种有限的养分，导致在地表水中积累了高溶解的无机养分。重要的是要了解微生物如何适应低铁，这将是研究的第二个重点。在每个研究环境中，海洋微生物的群落将使用纯培养物和微生物的天然组合在基因组和转录水平上进行表征。这项研究将产生大西洋微生物群落的功能遗传多样性的基线。这将提供一个框架，以了解海洋微生物如何通过海洋表面与低大气之间的反馈过程来影响海洋生产率和气候变化。海洋生产率是基于鱼类生产的，而鱼类储备的管理需要了解控制营养周期和浮游植物生长的因素。结果对于评估和预测海洋微生物将如何在未来的海洋中做出反应和发展至关重要。