The Effects of Topographical and Geotechnical Characteristics of Sites on Seismic Movements Due to Natural and Human-Induced Earthquakes

场地地形和岩土特征对自然和人为地震引起的地震运动的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06019
• 负责人: Maghoul, Pooneh
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=616053
• 关键词: Effects; Topographical; Geotechnical; Characteristics; Sites

Earthquakes occur in most parts of Canada, and their impact can be greatly influenced by site effects. Site effects are modifications of seismic ground movement due to local topography and geological characteristics. They can be a major concern for many populated areas, because of the potential of these site effects to contribute in unexpected ways to the destabilization of urban infrastructure. It has often been observed that, after earthquakes, some buildings located on hills or in sedimentary basins suffer greater damage than would be expected from their distances to the epicenter. For example, during the magnitude 7.2 Vancouver Island Earthquake in 1946, most of the damaged chimneys in Port Alberni were in areas built on thick soft soils. Houses built on rock exhibited little damage. In addition to naturally occurring earthquakes, recent years have seen dramatic increases in human-induced earthquakes. Human-induced earthquakes are those caused by human activities like hydraulic fracturing in tight shale formations and impoundment of reservoirs. Human-induced earthquakes can be just as devastating as natural ones. Among the many examples in this regard, we can highlight the large magnitude 7.9 China’s Sichuan Province earthquake near Zipingpu Dam in 2008, killing 69,000 people and leaving another 18,000 missing. This earthquake resulted from the reservoir impoundment. Geotechnical hazards must be considered to ensure public safety. This means assessing the potential for injection-induced reactivation of geological faults and seismic events associated with industrial underground operations. However, it also requires study of local topographical and geological characteristics (site effects) to determine how they will affect the response of infrastructure to seismic movements. This research program will focus on the development of new numerical tools that can model the dynamic behavior of soils. There are many practical applications of this research, including studies of slope failures caused by natural- and human-induced earthquakes, providing information for seismic hazard and risk assessments, and seismic analyses of embankment dams. In addition, this work will help to improve our current poor understanding of human-induced earthquakes caused by industrial underground activities. The potential economic benefits for Canada are significant. It has been estimated that large earthquakes near major centers like Vancouver, could result in economic losses from earthquake-induced damages that are on the order of seventy billion dollars. During this research program, two PhD students and two MSc students will be trained under my direct supervision. Through my guidance, these graduate students will gain valuable experience in the areas of porous mechanics and numerical modeling in geotechnical engineering that will be a considerable asset to Canadian engineering companies.

地震发生在加拿大的大部分地区，其影响可能会受到现场影响的极大影响。场地效应是由于局部地形和地质特征引起的地震地面运动的修改。对于许多人口稠密的地区来说，这可能是一个主要问题，因为这些地点效应有可能以意想不到的方式导致城市基础设施的稳定。经常观察到，地震后，某些建筑物位于山丘上或沉积贝司中的建筑物遭受的损害比震中距离的距离所预期的要大。例如，在1946年温哥华岛地震的7.2级期间，阿尔伯尼港的大多数烟囱都在厚实的柔软土壤上建造的地区。建在岩石上的房屋几乎没有破坏。 除了自然发生地震外，近年来，人类引起的地震发生了急剧增加。人类引起的地震是由人类活动所引起的，例如在紧密的页岩形成和蓄水库中造成的水解压裂。人类引起的地震可能与自然的地震一样毁灭性。在这方面的许多例子中，我们可以在2008年Zipingpu大坝附近的中国四川省地震7.9级，造成69,000人丧生，并造成18,000人失踪。这次地震源于水库的蓄水池。 必须考虑岩土危害以确保公共安全。这意味着评估注射诱导的地质断层重新激活和与工业基础操作相关的地震事件的重新激活。但是，它还需要研究局部地形和地质特征（现场效应），以确定它们将如何影响基础设施对地震运动的响应。 该研究计划将着重于开发可以模拟土壤动态行为的新数值工具。这项研究有许多实际应用，包括对自然和人类引起的地震引起的斜率故障的研究，为地震危害和风险评估提供信息，以及对路堤大坝的地震分析。此外，这项工作将有助于提高我们目前对由工业基础活动引起的人类引起的地震的理解。 加拿大的潜在经济益处很大。据估计，像温哥华这样的主要中心附近的大地震可能会导致地震引起的损失造成的经济损失，该损失的损失为70亿美元。 在此研究计划中，将在我的直接监督下对两名博士学位学生和两名MSC学生进行培训。在我的指导下，这些研究生将在岩土工程中的多孔力学和数值建模领域获得宝贵的经验，这对加拿大工程公司来说将是一笔可观的资产。