Imaging active volcanic systems through time

随着时间的推移对活火山系统进行成像

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-03953
• 负责人: WilliamsJones, Glyn
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=614743
• 关键词: Imaging; active; volcanic; systems; through

Volcanoes have played and continue to play a pivotal role in shaping human societies, both modern and ancient. From the eruption of Vesuvius to that of Eyjafjallajökull, volcanoes have killed hundreds of thousands of people and led to billions of dollars in economic losses. Forecasting these eruptions in order to mitigate their impact is thus of the utmost importance. While considerable progress has been made in quantitatively characterising volcanic eruptions, even the most advanced models suffer from a paucity of accurate data due to the difficulty inherent in their acquisition. Consequently, our understanding of the physical, chemical, spatiotemporal “boundary conditions” for the intrusion and migration of magma within the crust beneath volcanoes is still very limited. The proposed multi-faceted research program will enhance our ability to effectively characterize these magmatic systems via accurate modern and forensic geochemical and geophysical measurements of dormant and active volcanic systems. The storage and release of magmatic volatiles (H2O, CO2) in rising magma largely control the nature (explosive vs. effusive) of volcanic eruptions. However, changes within the volcanic edifice, such as gas scrubbing by hydrothermal systems, can mask changes occurring at depth. Understanding the processes underpinning how shallow reservoirs store and redirect near-surface magma is thus critical in deciphering the interplay of surface-subsurface activity. I and my students will use forensic studies of volatiles preserved in crystal-hosted melt inclusions and direct measurements of surface degassing to provide the first comprehensive degassing history of the parental basalts of two active volcanic arcs. This is essential for understanding the development of these systems, especially the depth of degassing and magma storage. Accurate and repeatable measurements of these temporally and spatially varying parameters are critical inputs for physicochemical models of magma movement and numerical models of lava flow emplacement. My group will capitalize on advances in UAV technology to accurately sample surface emissions and features. Depending on the tectonic setting, very large magma reservoirs may form periodically at relatively shallow depths but the feedback relationships between reservoir growth and the near- and far-field stress regimes are still poorly understood. We will input comprehensive physicochemical data from three well studied basaltic volcanoes into system-level numerical models in order to realistically capture these dynamic interactions and more accurately forecast destructive volcanic events. The results of this research will enable recognition of subtle changes in magmatic systems that are crucial to effective forecasting of potentially hazardous volcanic systems and the mitigation of their inevitable impact on society, in Canada and abroad.

火山在塑造现代和古老的人类社会中发挥并继续发挥着关键作用。从维苏威乌斯（Vesuvius）的爆发到Eyjafjallajökull的爆发，火山已经杀死了数十万人，并导致了数十亿美元的经济损失。因此，预测这些喷发以减轻其影响至关重要。尽管在定量表征火山喷发方面已经取得了很大进展，但由于其获取固有的困难，即使是最先进的模型也遭受了准确的数据稀少。因此，我们对物理，化学，空间临时“边界条件”的理解仍然非常有限。拟议的多面研究计划将通过准确的现代和法医地球化学和地球物理测量值对休眠和活跃的火山系统进行有效表征这些岩浆系统的能力。 岩浆挥发物（H2O，CO2）在上升的岩浆中的存储和释放在很大程度上控制着火山喷发的性质（爆炸性与爆炸性）。但是，火山建筑物内的变化，例如通过水热系统擦洗的气体会发生掩盖的变化。因此，了解浅层储层和重定向近表面岩浆的基础的过程对于破译表面表面活性的相互作用至关重要。 I和我的学生将使用保存在晶体托管熔体内包含物中的挥发物的法医研究，并直接测量表面脱气，以提供两个活跃火山弧的父母玄武岩的首次全面脱气病史。这对于理解这些系统的开发至关重要，尤其是脱气和岩浆存储的深度。这些临时且经常变化的参数的准确测量值是岩浆运动的物理模型和熔岩流雇用的数值模型的关键输入。我的小组将利用无人机技术的进步，以准确采样表面排放和功能。根据构造环境，非常大的岩浆储层可能会在相对较浅的深度定期形成，但是储层生长与近场压力状态之间的反馈关系仍然很熟悉。我们将从三个井井有条的基本火山中将全面的物理化学数据输入到系统级数值模型中，以便实际捕获这些动态相互作用，并更准确地预测破坏性的火山事件。这项研究的结果将使人们能够认识到岩浆系统的细微变化，这些变化对于有效预测潜在的危险火山系统以及减轻对社会，加拿大和国外的不可避免的影响至关重要。