Contamination of river beds by oil spills and impact on fish habitat

漏油对河床的污染及其对鱼类栖息地的影响

• 批准号: 447435-2013
• 负责人: daSilva, AnaMaria
• 金额: $ 9.75万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=597073
• 关键词: Contamination; river; beds; oil; spills

Pipelines are one of the safest means of transporting large volumes of crude oil, but spills still occur due to the large volumes shipped by Canadian producers and our lengthy network of pipelines (> 23,000 km). Each pipeline crosses many streams and rivers, and spilled oil is often found in river sediments where it may pose a toxicity risk to fish. There are also significant liabilities for the oil industry, due to the high costs of clean-up and the public's concerns about new pipeline development. However, there is a critical lack of knowledge on how spilled oil can be transferred to river sediments, the potential extent of contamination, and the potential impacts on reproduction of fish that spawn in sediments shoals. This research will use advanced techniques in hydraulics, environmental chemistry, and aquatic toxicology to assess whether, and to what extent, oil spilled on water is entrained into sediments by turbulence and downwelling flows. It will show how oil is retained in sediments as oil droplets or coatings on sediments, and whether the components of oil can dissolve into the water that flows through sediments at concentrations toxic to early life stages of trout. The results will suggest practical guidelines and tools to assess and mitigate the risk of oil spills on fish habitat, specifically to identify areas of river sediments that are particularly sensitive to oil contamination, the potential extent of contamination, the impacts on fish and fisheries, and clean-up strategies focused on the most likely areas of contamination. Implementing these tools will promote economic development with environmental protection by predicting where oil will end up if it is spilled into a river, the best strategies for recovering spilled oil, and

管道是运输大量原油的最安全手段之一，但是由于加拿大生产商和我们冗长的管道网络（> 23,000公里），泄漏仍然发生。每条管道都横穿许多溪流和河流，并且在河流沉积物中经常发现溢出的油，在河流沉积物中可能会对捕鱼构成毒性风险。由于清理成本高昂以及公众对新管道开发的担忧，对石油行业也有重大责任。但是，对于如何将溢出的石油转移到河流沉积物，污染的潜在程度以及对沉积物浅滩产卵的鱼产生的潜在影响的潜在影响。这项研究将使用液压，环境化学和水生毒理学中的先进技术来评估溢出的油是否以及在多大程度上通过湍流和偏低流量夹在沉积物中。它将显示如何将石油保留在沉积物中，因为油滴或沉积物上的涂层，以及油的成分是否可以溶解到水中以浓度为浓度到鳟鱼早期生命阶段的沉积物流过沉积物的水。结果将提出实用的指南和工具，以评估和减轻鱼类栖息地漏油的风险，特别是为了确定对石油污染特别敏感的河流沉积物区域，污染的潜在污染程度，对鱼类和渔业的影响以及重点是最可能污染区域的清理策略。实施这些工具将通过预测石油溢出到河流中最终会促进经济发展，这是恢复溢出石油的最佳策略，以及