Contamination of river beds by oil spills and impact on fish habitat

漏油对河床的污染及其对鱼类栖息地的影响

• 批准号: 447435-2013
• 负责人: daSilva, AnaMaria
• 金额: $ 9.75万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=597073
• 关键词: Contamination; river; beds; oil; spills

Pipelines are one of the safest means of transporting large volumes of crude oil, but spills still occur due to the large volumes shipped by Canadian producers and our lengthy network of pipelines (> 23,000 km). Each pipeline crosses many streams and rivers, and spilled oil is often found in river sediments where it may pose a toxicity risk to fish. There are also significant liabilities for the oil industry, due to the high costs of clean-up and the public's concerns about new pipeline development. However, there is a critical lack of knowledge on how spilled oil can be transferred to river sediments, the potential extent of contamination, and the potential impacts on reproduction of fish that spawn in sediments shoals. This research will use advanced techniques in hydraulics, environmental chemistry, and aquatic toxicology to assess whether, and to what extent, oil spilled on water is entrained into sediments by turbulence and downwelling flows. It will show how oil is retained in sediments as oil droplets or coatings on sediments, and whether the components of oil can dissolve into the water that flows through sediments at concentrations toxic to early life stages of trout. The results will suggest practical guidelines and tools to assess and mitigate the risk of oil spills on fish habitat, specifically to identify areas of river sediments that are particularly sensitive to oil contamination, the potential extent of contamination, the impacts on fish and fisheries, and clean-up strategies focused on the most likely areas of contamination. Implementing these tools will promote economic development with environmental protection by predicting where oil will end up if it is spilled into a river, the best strategies for recovering spilled oil, and

管道是运输大量原油的最安全方式之一，但由于加拿大生产商运输了大量原油以及我们漫长的管道网络（> 23,000 公里），泄漏仍然发生。每条管道都穿过许多溪流和河流，溢出的石油经常出现在河流沉积物中，可能对鱼类造成毒性风险。由于清理成本高昂以及公众对新管道开发的担忧，石油行业也承担着巨大的责任。然而，对于泄漏的石油如何转移到河流沉积物、潜在的污染程度以及对沉积物浅滩中产卵的鱼类繁殖的潜在影响，人们严重缺乏了解。这项研究将利用水力学、环境化学和水生毒理学方面的先进技术来评估溢在水面上的石油是否以及在多大程度上被湍流和下降流夹带到沉积物中。它将展示石油如何以油滴或沉积物上的涂层形式保留在沉积物中，以及石油成分是否可以溶解到流经沉积物的水中，其浓度对鳟鱼的早期生命阶段有毒。研究结果将提出实用的指南和工具，以评估和减轻石油泄漏对鱼类栖息地的风险，特别是确定对石油污染特别敏感的河流沉积物区域、污染的潜在程度、对鱼类和渔业的影响以及清理策略侧重于最有可能受到污染的区域。实施这些工具将通过预测石油泄漏到河流中的最终去向、回收泄漏石油的最佳策略以及