"Mating, Pheromone-signalling pathway and genetic exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi"

“丛枝菌根真菌的交配、信息素信号通路和遗传交换”

基本信息

批准号：
328098-2012
负责人：
Hijri, Mohamed
金额：
$ 1.97万
依托单位：
Université de Montréal
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595303
关键词：
Mating Pheromone signalling pathway genetic

项目摘要

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root-inhabiting symbionts organisms, and among the most common soil fungi. AMF form symbioses with the roots of approximately 80% of all vascular plant species. These fungi offer a variety of services, in particular, improved capacity for P uptake and drought tolerance. From a genetic point of view, AMF are extremely complex when compared to most other eukaryotes. AMF are coenocytic organisms that contain thousands of nuclei throughout their life cycle. There is much evidence that these nuclei are genetically divergent, and fungal isolates show extensive intracellular genetic polymorphism. Therefore, many fundamental questions bearing on AMF biology remain difficult to investigate. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are presumed to be asexual organisms that are reproducing via large multinucleated spores. Sexual reproduction has never been observed on AMF. The goal of this research program is to investigate if AMF do have sex. This work exploits high-throughput genomic approaches to investigate four specific objectives: (1) to characterize pheromone-signalling pathway in Glomus species; (2) to study the genomic structure of the Glomus species sex locus and to compare the gene synteny of Glomus sex locus to Mucorales and Microsporidia species; (3) to induce sexual reproduction between several Glomus irregulare isolates using trisporic acids, a pheromone commonly secreted by Mucoromycotina, and to track gene expression of some key genes using quantitative PCR; (4) to study gene exchange between genetically different AMF isolates by using crossing experiments and subsequent genotyping with mitochondrial DNA markers.

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是根部共生生物，也是最常见的土壤真菌之一。 AMF 与大约 80% 的维管植物物种的根形成共生。这些真菌提供多种服务，特别是提高磷吸收能力和耐旱能力。从遗传学的角度来看，与大多数其他真核生物相比，AMF 极其复杂。 AMF 是共核生物，在其整个生命周期中包含数千个细胞核。有大量证据表明这些细胞核在遗传上是不同的，并且真菌分离株显示出广泛的细胞内遗传多态性。因此，许多与 AMF 生物学有关的基本问题仍然难以研究。丛枝菌根真菌被认为是通过大的多核孢子繁殖的无性生物。从未在 AMF 上观察到有性生殖。该研究项目的目标是调查 AMF 是否确实有性行为。这项工作利用高通量基因组方法来研究四个具体目标：（1）表征球囊霉属物种的信息素信号通路； (2) 研究球囊霉属性位点的基因组结构，并比较毛霉属和微孢子虫属球囊霉属性位点的基因同线性； (3) 使用三孢酸（毛霉菌门通常分泌的一种信息素）诱导几种不规则球囊霉分离株之间的有性繁殖，并使用定量PCR追踪一些关键基因的基因表达； (4) 通过杂交实验和随后用线粒体DNA标记进行基因分型来研究遗传不同的AMF分离株之间的基因交换。