Formation and impact histories of the Solar System and planets from chemical and isotopic investigations of planetary materials

通过行星材料的化学和同位素研究，了解太阳系和行星的形成和撞击历史

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06310
• 负责人: Bouvier, Audrey
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=588932
• 关键词: Formation; impact; histories; Solar; System

The long-term scope of my research program is to understand the origin of the Solar System and how planets formed and evolved throughout time. Among these key processes, I am particularly interested in understanding what stellar sources of elements contributed to the Solar System, deciphering the timescales and chemical reservoirs for planetary formation and evolution, and the mechanisms responsible for chemical and isotopic changes in irradiated or shocked planetary materials. This cosmic fingerprinting will enable us to build models to identify the building blocks of terrestrial planets and shape scenarios for their early evolution. Another important theme of my research is to understand the consequences of impacts on planetary surfaces such as those of asteroids, the Moon, Mars, and Earth. To achieve these goals, I will study extra-terrestrial materials such as meteorites, samples brought back from Apollo space missions, and rocks and associated ore deposits from selected terrestrial impact craters. The three planned research themes in my program and their key objectives include: 1. Origins of the Solar System and planets: with high-precision mass spectrometry, we can detect variations in the relative atomic abundances of elements in planetary materials. It is of major importance to understand the origin of isotopic heterogeneities in the solar System and trace the nuclear sources of elements that contributed to the molecular cloud, understand their mode and timing of incorporation within the solar nebula, and their distribution throughout the protoplanetary disk. Another important aspect of this theme is to monitor the mass-fractionation and irradiation effects by cosmic rays that affect the isotopic compositions of planetary materials and the subsequent interpretation. 2. Chronology and reservoirs of planetary formation: we can decipher a high-resolution chronology of planetary processes such as condensation (from gas to the first solids), accretion (how the planets grew) and differentiation (how they evolve) in the inner Solar System using the high-resolution U-Pb radiogenic isotope dating system in pristine planetary materials. Meteorites are samples from different locations of the protoplanetary disk exposing variable chemical conditions. In particular, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf compositions of reduced materials will provide new clues for understanding the processes and reservoirs of planetary formation. 3. Impacts in the Solar System: there is widespread evidence of scars left by planetary impacts on the surface of terrestrial planets, asteroids, and Solar System satellites. In the search for extra-terrestrial life, and of new mineralization, it is important to characterize the source and volume of delivered materials, how impact affected planetary surfaces, and understand the distribution through time of these events and the production of ore deposits in some cases. We can develop new models to explain the delivery of materials to the inner and outer Solar System with a better comparative chronology and inter-disciplinary approach of shocked planetary materials. Answering the fundamental questions about the origin of the Solar System and conditions for life to develop in our planetary system is of major interest for humans to understand our environment, the chemical and physical conditions to build habitable planets, and to shape the future of space exploration. The proposed research will be carried out in collaboration with other faculty members at Western and with laboratories across Canada will create a comprehensive environment for training high-qualified students in state-of-the-art facilities dedicated to excellence in geochemical research.

我的研究计划的长期范围是了解太阳系的起源以及行星如何在整个过程中形成和发展。在这些关键过程中，我特别有兴趣了解哪些恒星元素有助于太阳系，对行星形成和进化的时间尺度和化学储层破译，以及对辐射或冲击的行星材料的化学和同位素变化的机制。这种宇宙的指纹将使我们能够构建模型，以识别陆地行星的基础，并为早期进化而塑造场景。我的研究的另一个重要主题是了解对行星表面的影响的后果，例如小行星，月亮，火星和地球。为了实现这些目标，我将研究外物材料，例如陨石，从阿波罗太空任务中带回样品，以及从选定的陆生撞击火山口的岩石和相关的矿石沉积物。 我计划中的三个计划研究主题及其主要目标包括： 1。太阳系和行星的起源：使用高精确的质谱法，我们可以检测行星材料中元素相对原子丰度的变化。了解太阳系中同位素异质性的起源并追踪有助于分子云的元素的核源，了解它们在太阳星云中的模式和掺入时机，以及它们在整个Protoplanetary磁盘中的分布是至关重要的。该主题的另一个重要方面是监测影响行星材料的同位素组成和随后的解释的宇宙射线的质量分级和辐照效应。 2. Chronology and reservoirs of planetary formation: we can decipher a high-resolution chronology of planetary processes such as condensation (from gas to the first solids), accretion (how the planets grew) and differentiation (how they evolve) in the inner Solar System using the high-resolution U-Pb radiogenic isotope dating system in pristine planetary materials.陨石是来自原星盘的不同位置的样品，暴露了可变化学条件。特别是，还原材料的SM-ND和LU-HF组成将为了解行星形成的过程和储层提供新的线索。 3。太阳系的影响：有广泛的证据表明，行星对陆地行星，小行星和太阳系卫星的表面影响留下的伤痕。在寻找周期寿命和新矿化的过程中，重要的是要表征交付的材料的来源和数量，影响影响的行星表面的影响以及在某些情况下可以通过这些事件的时间来了解分布以及矿床的生产。我们可以开发新的模型，以更好的比较时间顺序和震惊的行星材料的跨学科方法来解释材料向内部和外部太阳系的传递。 回答有关太阳系的起源以及在我们的行星系统中发展的基本问题，对于人类了解我们的环境，建造可居住行星的化学和物理状况以及塑造太空探索的未来，这是主要的兴趣。拟议的研究将与西方的其他教职员工合作进行，并与加拿大各地的实验室合作，将为培训最先进的设施中的高素质学生创造一个全面的环境，致力于卓越地球化学研究。