An integrated pest management approach to control stripe rust of wheat

防治小麦条锈病的综合害虫防治方法

• 批准号: 441811-2012
• 负责人: Kutcher, Hadley
• 金额: $ 3.46万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=574560
• 关键词: integrated; pest; management; approach; control

Wheat (winter, spring and durum) is an integral part of the cropping system in western Canada, a very important source of income for farmers, a major source of nutrition in the Canadian diet and a major export commodity providing jobs for thousands of Canadians. Over the last 12 years, stripe rust was observed regularly across the prairies and in at least three years caused widespread yield losses in wheat. The 2011 epidemic was the most serious to date, reducing yield for many growers and increasing input costs for other growers due to the decision to apply fungicide. Stripe rust occurs in nearly all major wheat production areas of the world, although previously it was mainly associated with cool, humid conditions. The recent yield and quality losses in Canada are likely due to changes in the races of the pathogen and its adaptation to warmer climatic conditions. To protect wheat growers and consumers from the devastating effects of this disease, integrated control is proposed through a study of the pathogen and development of a fungicide application strategy. The majority of wheat resistance genes that impart resistance to the stripe rust pathogen are effective for a limited period of time before the pathogen gains the ability to overcome these genes. Identifying the races of the pathogen and monitoring changes in races will provide an understanding of the pathogen that will allow wheat growers to respond rapidly by choosing varieties carrying appropriate resistance to new races or employing fungicides if resistant cultivars are not available. In addition, knowledge of rapid or gradual changes in races of the pathogen will provide guidance to wheat breeders in the development of stripe rust resistant cultivars.

小麦（冬季，春季和硬质）是加拿大西部种植系统不可或缺的一部分，这是农民的非常重要的收入来源，农民是加拿大饮食中营养的主要营养来源，是为成千上万加拿大人提供工作的主要出口商品。 在过去的12年中，经常在大草原上观察到条纹生锈，至少在三年内造成了小麦的普遍损失。 2011年的流行病是迄今为止最严重的流行，由于决定施用杀菌剂的决定，许多种植者的收益率降低了其他种植者的投入成本。 Stripe Rust在世界上几乎所有主要的小麦生产区域都发生，尽管以前它主要与凉爽的潮湿条件有关。 加拿大最近的产量和质量损失可能是由于病原体种族的变化及其对较温暖的气候条件的适应性。 为了保护小麦种植者和消费者免受这种疾病的毁灭性影响，通过研究杀菌剂施用策略的病原体和发展，提出了综合控制。 在病原体获得克服这些基因的能力之前，大多数对抗条纹锈病病原体抗性的小麦抗性基因在有限的时间内有效。 识别病原体的种族并监测种族的变化，将提供对病原体的理解，该病原体将使小麦种植者通过选择对新种族具有适当耐药性或使用抗杀菌剂的品种来迅速反应，如果没有抗性品种。 此外，了解病原体种族快速或逐渐变化的知识将为小麦育种者提供抗锈蚀品种的指导。