Carbon cycling in the coastal Arctic of Canada

加拿大北极沿海的碳循环

• 批准号: 331277-2012
• 负责人: Papakyriakou, Timothy
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572167
• 关键词: Carbon; cycling; coastal; Arctic; Canada

Because the world's oceans are the largest of the planet's carbon sinks, offsetting around 30% of present anthropogenic emissions, it is especially important that we understand important features of the marine carbon cycle and that these features are soundly represented in general circulation models. A critical gap in our understanding of the system's CO2 source/sink dynamics relates to the role played by sea ice. The traditional assumption adopted for both models and polar marine CO2 flux studies is for sea ice to exist as an impermeable layer, preventing air-sea exchange. Research in the last decade has shown sea ice to be an active participant in the marine carbon cycle, exchanging CO2 between both the ocean and atmosphere, and hence the assumption that sea ice is a passive participant in the polar marine carbon cycle is incorrect. Despite advancements in our understanding of the sea ice carbonate system, we still do not know exactly how sea ice influences air-sea CO2 exchange, and by extension, the net effect of sea ice on a region's carbon budget. The over-arching objective of my proposed research is to understand the implications of sea ice and sea ice loss on the upper (atmospheric) limb of the Arctic marine carbon budget. Imbedded are the sub-objectives to develop parameterizations for both the air-ice-ocean transport of inorganic carbon and for air-sea exchange of CO2 in mixed-ice ocean environments. Proposed methods involve a mix of field expeditions and ice tank experiments. Field projects will be both ship- and ice-camp based, and will involve the direct measurement of the CO2 flux using eddy covariance systems, in conjunction with the measurement of surface microclimate, and CO2 system components of sea ice and the water column.

由于世界上最大的海洋是地球的碳水槽中最大的海洋，抵消了约30％的人为排放，因此我们了解海洋碳循环的重要特征尤其重要，并且这些特征在一般循环模型中得到了很好的代表。我们对系统二氧化碳源/水槽动态的理解的关键差距与海冰的作用有关。模型和极地海洋二氧化碳通量研究采用的传统假设是将海冰作为不可渗透的层存在，从而防止空气交换。过去十年的研究表明，海冰是海洋碳循环的积极参与者，在海洋和大气之间交换了二氧化碳，因此假设海冰是极地海洋碳循环的被动参与者的假设是不正确的。 尽管我们对海冰碳酸盐系统的理解有所进步，但我们仍然不知道海冰如何影响空气海洋二氧化碳交换，并扩展，海冰对地区预算的净影响。 我拟议的研究的整个目标是了解海冰和海冰损失对北极海洋碳预算的上部（大气）肢体的影响。 嵌入的是开发用于在混合冰海洋环境中无机碳的气冰传输和二氧化碳的空气交换的参数化的子目标。 提出的方法涉及野外探险和冰罐实验的混合。 现场项目将既是基于船舶和冰室，并且将涉及使用涡流协方差系统直接测量CO2通量，并与表面微气候的测量以及海冰和水柱的CO2系统组件结合使用。