Bottom-up and top-down factors in visual and auditory asymmetries

视觉和听觉不对称的自下而上和自上而下因素

• 批准号: 121485-2009
• 负责人: Voyer, Daniel
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569200
• 关键词: Bottom; up; top; down; factors

The main theoretical foundation for my proposal stems from the model proposed by Hugdahl (2000) according to which the observed perceptual asymmetry in any relevant task reflects a combination of a bottom-up component and a top-down component. Perceptual asymmetries are observed whenever presentation of specific stimuli produces a performance advantage for one side of the body over the other. Specifically, the proposed work will focus on visual and auditory stimuli producing, respectively, an advantage for stimuli presented in the left or right visual field, and an advantage for sounds presented to the left or right ear. In this context, the bottom-up aspect reflects stimulus content (typically verbal or non-verbal) and cerebral organization, whereas the top-down aspect refers to attentional effects (i.e. the ability to direct visual or auditory attention to a specific location). However, I propose that other factors should be included in the top-down component, whereas specific factors involved in the bottom-up component remain underspecified in the model. From this perspective, I propose to pursue three lines of inquiries meeting the short-term objective of characterizing top-down and bottom-up processes in perceptual asymmetries. In one line of research, visual and auditory tasks measuring perceptual asymmetries will be examined from the perspective that they have a significant memory component. A second line of research, will build on the hypothesis that sarcastic speech tends to be slower, of lower pitch, and louder than sincere speech. The third line of research will investigate factors responsible for stimulus dominance in dichotic listening and examine ways to minimize the influence of these factors in the assessment of auditory asymmetries. The long-term goal of this research is to identify task components and cerebral mechanisms underlying perceptual asymmetries with the ultimate goal to provide valid and reliable measurement of perceptual asymmetries for use in the pre-surgery screening of patients with neurological impairments such as epilepsy and brain tumors. Thus, this research has important applications relevant to the measurement of functional cerebral specialization.

我的提议的主要理论基础源于Hugdahl（2000）提出的模型，根据该模型，在任何相关任务中观察到的感知不对称反映了自下而上的组件和自上而下的组件的组合。每当表现出特定刺激的表现都会给身体的一侧产生性能优势时，就会观察到感知不对称。具体而言，拟议的工作将分别集中在视觉和听觉刺激上，分别产生左右视野中示意的刺激的优势，以及在左耳或右耳上呈现的声音的优势。在这种情况下，自下而上的方面反映了刺激含量（通常是口头或非语言）和大脑组织，而自上而下的方面是指注意力效应（即，将视觉或听觉关注直接关注到特定位置的能力）。但是，我建议将其他因素包括在自上而下的组件中，而自下而上的组件中涉及的特定因素仍未在模型中指定。从这个角度来看，我建议进行三条询问，以实现感知不对称的自上而下和自下而上的过程的短期目标。在一条研究中，将从具有重要的内存组件的角度检查测量感知不对称的视觉和听觉任务。第二条研究将基于以下假设：讽刺性言论往往较慢，音调较低，而不是真诚的言论。第三次研究将研究负责在二分法聆听中刺激优势的因素，并研究如何最大程度地减少这些因素在评估听觉不对称的影响的方法。这项研究的长期目标是确定具有感知不对称的基础的任务组成部分和脑机制，其最终目标是提供对感知不对称的有效测量，以用于在筛查前筛查患有癫痫和脑肿瘤等神经系统障碍的患者中使用。因此，这项研究具有与功能性脑专业化的测量有关的重要应用。