Advancing knowledge of Earth's thermosphere dynamics with new analyses of the existing and extended WINDII dataset

通过对现有和扩展 WINDII 数据集的新分析，增进对地球热层动力学的了解

• 批准号: 5959-2013
• 负责人: Shepherd, Gordon
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568430
• 关键词: Advancing; knowledge; Earth; thermosphere; dynamics

The Earth's atmosphere is divided into regions; troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere. The troposphere is the region where weather occurs while the thermosphere extends upward from 100 km. These regions may be characterized by their population of species, e.g. ozone in the stratosphere and atomic oxygen in the thermosphere, by their temperature and by their winds. Measuring the winds is the most challenging, and the first major initiative was with WINDII, a Wind Imaging Interferometer developed and built in Canada and flown on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, launched in 1991. WINDII was a new and innovative adaptation of the Michelson interferometer using a CCD detector that imaged the airglow occurring in the mesosphere and thermosphere, a photochemical sub-visual glow in the high atmosphere produced by the action of sunlight in the daytime, but persisting at night. The airglow occurs in sharp spectral lines, so tiny shifts in wavelength arising from Doppler effect caused by the wind are measured with the interferometer. WINDII discovered the presence of a huge atmospheric 24 hr tide (250 km/hr) near the equator at 100 km altitude, caused not by the moon's gravitation, but by solar heating; called a "migrating" tide because it moves with the sun. Strong dynamical motions from other waves were found over the entire globe, moving constituents, such as atomic oxygen, from place to place. WINDII celebrated its 20th anniversary last year, and then, with UARS, plunged into the Pacific Ocean. Just recently it has been discovered that there are also "non-migrating" tides, that do not move with the sun, but are driven by strong thunderstorm convection in the troposphere, propagating up to 250 km in the thermosphere. These are seen with WINDII as four wind waves around the Earth, three coming from the three continents and one from tidal propagation as seen from the satellite. The details of the character of these waves and the study of tropospheric effects reaching the thermosphere are the subject of this proposal. Knowledge of this transport of energy from the lower to the upper atmosphere will provide better atmospheric models in the future, for climate and weather prediction.

地球的大气分为区域。对流层，平流层，中层，热层。对流层是天气发生的区域，而热层从100 km向上延伸。这些区域的特征是它们的物种种群，例如平流层中的臭氧和热层中的原子氧气通过其温度和风。 Measuring the winds is the most challenging, and the first major initiative was with WINDII, a Wind Imaging Interferometer developed and built in Canada and flown on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, launched in 1991. WINDII was a new and innovative adaptation of the Michelson interferometer using a CCD detector that imaged the airglow occurring in the mesosphere and thermosphere, a photochemical sub-visual在白天的阳光动作产生的高气氛中发光，但夜间持续存在。气流出现在尖锐的光谱线上，因此通过干涉仪测量了由风引起的多普勒效应引起的波长的微小变化。 温迪（Windii）在100 km高度的赤道附近发现了24小时的潮汐（250 km/hr）的巨大大气，这不是由月球的引力而是太阳能加热引起的。之所以被称为“迁移”潮流，是因为它与太阳一起移动。在整个地球上发现了来自其他波动的强大动力运动，移动的成分，例如原子氧，从一个地方到处。温迪（Windii）去年庆祝了成立20周年，然后与UARS融为一体，陷入了太平洋。就在最近，人们发现也存在“非迁移”潮汐，这些潮流不会随着太阳而移动，但是由对流层中强烈的雷暴对流驱动的，在热层中传播了250 km。这些被Windii视为地球周围的四个风波，三个来自三大洲，另一颗来自卫星的潮汐繁殖。这些波的特征的细节以及对流层效应达到热层的研究是该提案的主题。了解这种能源从下层到高层大气的传输将来将提供更好的大气模型，以进行气候和天气预测。