Elucidating the mechanisms utilized in phytotechnolgies and biochar immobilization to optimize contaminated site remediation

阐明植物技术和生物炭固定中使用的机制，以优化污染场地修复

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05611
• 负责人: Zeeb, Barbara
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Royal Military College of Canada
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=567277
• 关键词: Elucidating; mechanisms; utilized; phytotechnolgies; biochar

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recalcitrant contaminants known to cause a number of ecological and human health effects. Soil salinity is an escalating problem due to current agricultural practices and industrial processes, and is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and yield. Similarly, contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) is at the forefront of many Canadians minds given the escalation in activity in the oil and gas industry in Canada in recent decades. Each of these contaminants can be addressed, at least to some extent, using innovative plant-based techniques known as ‘phytotechnologies’ (or phytoremediation). Phytoextraction is a specific phytotechnology whereby contaminants are taken up by plant roots, translocated to the shoots, and then sequestered in the above-ground plant tissue. Plants are then harvested and undergo biomass reduction (e.g. composting), with the goal being to significantly reduce the total volume of contaminated waste, while leaving the soil matrix intact. In the past six years, my group has made several significant advances in the area of contaminant phytoextraction, including the use of native colonizers. During the same time period, we have pioneered the use of biochar (a charcoal like material produced from the pyrolysis of organic matter under very low oxygen conditions) to decrease the bioavailability of contaminants in soils, reducing their risk to environmental and human health, and at the same time improving soil quality and decreasing CO2 emissions. These innovative techniques are now starting to be utilized more widely, however, a fundamental understanding of the processes involved in contaminant uptake into plants, and stabilization within soils is still lacking, as is the role that biochar plays in soil microbial communities and in the health of plants. This proposal will address these shortcomings and further our understanding of the mechanisms of phytoextraction. We will use methods developed by my group, such as measuring contaminants in the xylem sap of native plants at varying distances from the root. The application of community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) to obtain phenotypic information regarding microbial community function in contaminated soils alone, and those amended with biochar, is another innovative tool developed by my group. The novel use of these emerging techniques in combination with greenhouse trials employing real soil and plant systems will broaden our understanding of interactions between soil contaminants, plants, and the microbial community. Carrying out this critical phytoextraction work in combination with biochar amendment to the soil, will provide us with a deeper appreciation of the mechanisms involved in contaminant uptake and mobility within plants, and allow us to examine important changes in the microbial soil population. This will lead to our ability to also enhance the degradation of contaminants, in particular PHCs, in the root zone of phytoextraction plots. Hence, using established phytoextraction and carbon amendment immobilization techniques (combined with the emerging methods of xylem sap analysis, CLPP and biochar), this proposal will explore the efficacy of using these technologies simultaneously to remediate POPs-, salt-, and PHC-impacted sites. Ultimately, the goal of this work is to determine how phytotechnologies in conjunction with biochar can best interact to optimize contaminated site remediation. In so doing, these technologies will become more accepted and mainstream, providing contaminated site owners, government legislatures, and environmental consultants with the information they need to incorporate them into their ‘toolbox’ when remediating contaminated sites.

持续的有机污染物（POP）是已知会引起许多生态和人类健康影响的顽固污染物。由于当前的农业实践和工业过程，土壤盐度是一个不断升级的问题，并且是影响植物生长和产量的主要非生物压力之一。同样，鉴于近几十年来，加拿大石油和天然气行业的活动升级鉴于加拿大的活动升级，对石油碳氢化合物（PHC）的污染也处于许多加拿大人的心中。这些污染物中的每一种至少可以在某种程度上使用创新的植物基技术（或植物治疗）。植物萃取是一种特定的植物技术，从而通过植物根部占据污染物，转化为芽，然后在地上植物组织中隔离。然后收获植物并减少生物量（例如堆肥），目的是显着减少被污染的废物的总数，同时使土壤基质完好无损。在过去的六年中，我的小组在污染物的植物萃取领域取得了重大进步，包括使用本机殖民者。在同一时期内，我们率先使用了生物炭（在非常低的氧气条件下有机物的热解产生的木炭之类的材料），以降低污染物在土壤中的生物利用度，从而降低其对环境和人类健康的风险，并同时改善土壤质量和降低土壤质量和减少CO2 CO2的排放。这些创新技术现在开始更广泛地使用，但是，对污染物吸收植物涉及的过程的基本理解仍然缺乏土壤中的稳定，而生物炭在土壤微生物社区中的作用也是如此。该提案将解决这些缺点，并进一步了解我们对植物剥问机制的理解。我们将使用我的小组开发的方法，例如在与根不同的距离上测量天然植物的木质部污染物中的污染物。仅在受污染的土壤中获得有关微生物群落功能的表型信息，以及使用Biochar修订的人的表型信息的应用是我小组开发的另一种创新工具。这些新兴技术与使用真实土壤和植物系统的温室试验的新颖使用将扩大我们对土壤污染物，植物和微生物群落之间相互作用的理解。通过对土壤的生物炭修订进行这项关键的植物挖掘工作，将为我们提供更深入的了解植物内污染物摄取和迁移率的机制，并让我们可以检查微生物土壤种群中的重要变化。这将导致我们在植物萃取图的根部区域中增强污染物（尤其是PHC）的降解的能力。因此，使用既定的植物萃取和碳修正固定技术（与木质部SAP分析的新兴方法，CLPP和Biochar结合使用），该建议将探索仅使用这些技术来补救流行，盐和PHC影响的位点的效率。最终，这项工作的目的是确定与生物炭结合使用的植物技术如何最好地相互作用以优化受污染的现场修复。通过这样，这些技术将变得更加被接受和主流，在修复受污染的网站时，为污染的现场所有者，政府立法机关和环境顾问提供了将它们纳入其“工具箱”所需的信息。