Quiescent dependent memory consolidation: memory-trace replay during REM sleep

静态依赖性记忆巩固：快速眼动睡眠期间的记忆轨​​迹重放

• 批准号: 386522-2010
• 负责人: Tatsuno, Masami
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Lethbridge
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=550471
• 关键词: Quiescent; dependent; memory; consolidation; trace

Memory is a crucial brain function for humans and other animals. Our everyday activities are entirely dependent upon memory. For instance, when we drive a car, we use multiple forms of memory including memory of the destination, memory of the current location (which keeps updating with movement), and memory of how to operate a motor vehicle. In addition, the ability to maintain good memory becomes increasingly important because our life expectancy is getting longer. Understanding how memory is encoded and maintained in the brain is, therefore, an important and challenging problem of neuroscience. To explain the consolidation of memory in the brain, I propose a theory of Quiescent Dependent Memory Consolidation: Memory is consolidated during sleep when both motor output and sensory input are shut down. The quiescence of sleep provides a permissive environment for memory consolidation. I use multiple-electrode recording technology to record multi-neuronal brain activity in behaving animals, both during awake and sleeping periods. I investigate how brain activity is modified through sleep by comparing the activity during a task (animals are trained to perform a certain behavioural task), pre-task sleep and post-task sleep, focusing on a phenomenon called memory-trace reactivation whereby behaviourally induced multi-neuronal patterns are repeated during subsequent sleep. Additionally, by comparing the change in neuronal activity and the improvement of task performance, I investigate the mechanisms by which sleep contributes to learning. Furthermore, different contributions of REM and non-REM sleep to memory consolidation are also investigated. I test the hypothesis that REM sleep contributes to a specific form of memory such as motor-skill learning (e.g. how to drive a car), whereas non-REM sleep contributes to another form of memory such as spatial learning (e.g. recognizing location). All the results of this research program will provide an insight into the process of memory consolidation during sleep and, thus, will contribute to our understanding of the mystery of sleep.

记忆对于人类和其他动物来说是至关重要的大脑功能。我们的日常活动完全依赖于记忆。例如，当我们开车时，我们会使用多种形式的记忆，包括目的地记忆、当前位置记忆（随着移动不断更新）以及如何操作机动车辆的记忆。此外，由于我们的预期寿命越来越长，保持良好记忆力的能力变得越来越重要。因此，了解记忆如何在大脑中编码和维持是神经科学的一个重要且具有挑战性的问题。为了解释大脑中记忆的巩固，我提出了一种静态相关记忆巩固理论：当运动输出和感觉输入都关闭时，记忆在睡眠期间得到巩固。睡眠的安静为记忆巩固提供了一个宽松的环境。我使用多电极记录技术来记录行为动物在清醒和睡眠期间的多神经元大脑活动。我通过比较任务期间的活动（动物被训练来执行某种行为任务）、任务前睡眠和任务后睡眠来研究大脑活动如何通过睡眠改变，重点关注一种称为记忆痕迹重新激活的现象，即行为诱导多神经元模式在随后的睡眠期间重复。此外，通过比较神经元活动的变化和任务表现的改善，我研究了睡眠有助于学习的机制。此外，还研究了快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠对记忆巩固的不同贡献。我测试了这样一个假设：快速眼动睡眠有助于特定形式的记忆，例如运动技能学习（例如如何驾驶汽车），而非快速眼动睡眠有助于另一种形式的记忆，例如空间学习（例如识别位置）。该研究计划的所有结果将深入了解睡眠期间的记忆巩固过程，从而有助于我们理解睡眠之谜。