Coralline algae as recorders of environmental change

珊瑚藻作为环境变化的记录者

• 批准号: 341876-2012
• 负责人: Halfar, Jochen
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=549517
• 关键词: Coralline; algae; recorders; environmental; change

Quantifying the role and contribution of the world's oceans in past, present, and future global change is an essential goal in climate and paleoenvironmental studies. Although the global oceans influence climate greatly, the marine environment is substantially underrepresented in key climate assessment reports, especially during the last millennium. Over the past decades multicentury climate time series have emerged from tropical corals, and more recently from mid-latitude long-lived bivalves. However, subarctic and arctic proxy archival records are sparse. In order to fill this gap, a number of studies have demonstrated that mid- and high-latitude crustose coralline algae are an emerging extratropical marine environmental archive as they are amongst the longest lived shallow marine calcified organisms with life spans of several hundred years. More importantly, coralline algae occur in subarctic and arctic latitudes, both in the Pacific and Atlantic, where other high-resolution century-scale marine environmental proxies are non-existent. Hence, coralline algae have recently started to fill an important niche in marine paleoenvironmental proxy research, with several decadally to seasonally-resolved multicentury climate reconstructions published to date. This proposal will address two key themes to be answered using coralline proxy archives: A) Recently collected coralline algae from central and northern Labrador will be used to provide the first >500 year record of Labrador Current temperature and salinity variability and related climate oscillations in the northwestern Atlantic - a region where poorly understood climate and oceanographic changes have had a dramatic impact on ecosystems and fishery yields. B) Ongoing ocean acidification has been shown to potentially have a detrimental impact on the skeletons of calcareous plants and animals such as shellfish and corals. This is especially true in cold-water regions such as the subarctic North Pacific and northwest Atlantic, which are predicted to be amongst the first negatively affected by a decreasing ocean pH. Coralline algae from both oceans will be analyzed for temporal changes in skeletal structure and elemental composition, and as a proxy for reconstructing ocean pH over several centuries.

量化过去，现在和未来的全球变化中世界海洋的作用和贡献是气候和古环境研究的基本目标。尽管全球海洋的影响很大，但在关键的气候评估报告中，海洋环境的代表性大大不足，尤其是在上个千年中。在过去的几十年中，跨国气候时间序列来自热带珊瑚，而最近又是中纬度寿命的双壳类动物。但是，亚北极和北极代理档案记录很少。为了填补这一空白，许多研究表明，中纬度和高纬度冠状藻类是一种新兴的喷源海洋环境档案，因为它们是寿命最长的较浅的海洋钙化生物，具有数百年的寿命。更重要的是，在太平洋和大西洋的亚北极和北极纬度中发生珊瑚藻，那里其他高分辨率的海洋环境代理人不存在。因此，Coralline藻类最近开始填补海洋古环境代理研究的重要利基市场，迄今为止，迄今为止发表的几个季节性分辨到季节性分辨的多学期气候重建。该提案将讨论使用Coralline代理档案回答的两个关键主题：a）最近从中部和北部拉布拉多收集的Coralline藻类将使用Labrador当前温度和盐度变异性以及相关气候振荡的第一个> 500年的记录。西北大西洋 - 了解气候和海洋学变化不足的地区对生态系统和渔业产量产生了巨大影响。 b）持续的海洋酸化已被证明可能对钙质动植物的骨骼和动物（例如贝类和珊瑚）产生不利影响。 在诸如亚北太平洋亚北太平洋和西北大西洋等冷水区域尤其如此，预计这是受海洋pH下降的最初负面影响之一。 将分析来自两个海洋的珊瑚藻类，以分析骨骼结构和元素组成的时间变化，并作为在数个世纪内重建海洋pH的代理。