Reasoning about object categories and properties during early childhood

幼儿时期对物体类别和属性的推理

• 批准号: 194530-2011
• 负责人: Graham, Susan
• 金额: $ 4.41万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546150
• 关键词: Reasoning; about; object; categories; properties

Induction is an important part of our everyday reasoning, allowing us to generalize beyond what is known to new instances and situations. My research focuses on the emergence of category-based inductive reasoning during the infancy and preschool years. Category-based induction typically involves the following line of reasoning: first, observing that X has the property Y (e.g., a robin can fly); second, deciding that X and Z are the same kind of thing (e.g., a robin and a sparrow are both birds); and third, inferring that Z also has the property Y (e.g., therefore a sparrow can fly). The ability to reason that members of the same category may also share properties allows children to make sense of the great diversity of objects and entities in their environment and leads to cognitive efficiency and the opportunity to benefit from past experiences.

归纳是我们日常推理的重要组成部分，使我们能够超越新实例和情况所知。我的研究重点是在婴儿期和学龄前几年中基于类别的归纳推理的出现。基于类别的诱导通常涉及以下推理线：首先，观察X具有属性y（例如，罗宾可以飞行）；其次，决定X和Z是同一种东西（例如，罗宾和麻雀都是鸟）。第三，推断z也具有属性y（例如，麻雀可以飞行）。推理同一类别的成员也可以共享财产的能力使儿童能够理解其环境中对象和实体的多样性，并带来认知效率，并有机会从过去的经验中受益。