Electrochemical promotion of catalysis for pollution control

电化学促进污染控制催化

• 批准号: 372024-2009
• 负责人: Baranova, Elena
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=528463
• 关键词: Electrochemical; promotion; catalysis; pollution; control

Reactions involving the catalytic conversion of nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide are of major environmental importance for the removal of toxic emissions from both stationary and automotive sources. Toxic compounds can be converted to harmless non-pollutants using heterogeneous catalysis. The reduction of nitrogen oxides by light hydrocarbons in the presence of excess of oxygen, typical of the exhaust of lean-burn and Diesel engines, presents a great technological challenge. Conventional catalysts show several disadvantages, such as high cost, short life time, and fail to control their activity during the catalytic process. The recently discovered phenomenon of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC) combined with classical heterogeneous catalysis could be applied in order to overcome some of the above mentioned problems. The controlled variation in the catalyst-electrode potential of metal or metal oxide films supported on solid electrolytes is responsible for considerable changes in catalytic activity and selectivity. It has been demonstrated that electrochemical promotion is not limited to any particular electrolyte, conductive catalyst, or type of reaction. The major obstacles towards commercialization of EPOC are the lack of efficient catalysts and reactor design. The objective of the proposed research program is to develop efficient system devices for the removal of the toxic pollutants (NOx, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, etc.) from Diesel and lean-burn automobile exhausts using electrochemical promotion. The overall goal in the short to medium term is to design nano-structured catalysts of defined size and structure, and their application to NOx reduction. The long term objective is to establish a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical promotion with nano-structured catalysts. The significant output of this interdisciplinary research will answer many fundamental questions in heterogeneous catalysis and lead to a new stage of nano-sized catalytic systems for air pollution prevention.

涉及氮氧化物（NOX），碳氢化合物，挥发性有机化合物和一氧化碳催化转化的反应对于从固定和汽车来源中消除有毒发射的反应至关重要。有毒化合物可以使用异质催化转化为无害的非污染物。在过量的氧气（典型的瘦燃烧和柴油发动机的典型代表）存在下，光烃将氮氧化物减少，这带来了巨大的技术挑战。传统的催化剂显示出几个缺点，例如高成本，寿命短，并且在催化过程中无法控制其活动。最近发现的电化学促进催化（EPOC）与经典异质催化的现象可用于克服上述一些问题。在固体电解质上支撑的金属或金属氧化物膜的催化剂 - 电势的受控变化是造成催化活性和选择性的相当大变化。已经证明，电化学促进不限于任何特定的电解质，导电催化剂或反应类型。 EPOC商业化的主要障碍是缺乏有效的催化剂和反应堆设计。拟议的研究计划的目的是开发有效的系统设备，用于从柴油和耐燃烧的汽车耗尽使用电化学促进中去除有毒污染物（NOX，碳氢化合物，一氧化碳等）。简短到中期的总体目标是设计定义的尺寸和结构的纳米结构催化剂，并将其应用于NOX减少。长期目标是用纳米结构催化剂对电化学促进建立全面的理解。这项跨学科研究的重大输出将回答异质催化中的许多基本问题，并导致用于预防空气污染的纳米尺寸催化系统的新阶段。