"Systematics, evolution, biodiversity and biogeography of parasitic plants"

“寄生植物的系统学、进化、生物多样性和生物地理学”

• 批准号: 327013-2012
• 负责人: Costea, Mihai
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: Wilfrid Laurier University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=526785
• 关键词: Systematics; evolution; biodiversity; biogeography; parasitic

This research program is applied to parasitic plants, which take some or all their nutrients and water from other plants, called hosts. The diversity, evolution and biology of many parasitic plants are still little known. Our efforts are directed at Cuscuta ("dodder"), which with its over 200 species, is one of the most complicated and diverse groups of parasitic plants in the world. Cuscuta species are important both economically and ecologically. Dodders are the third most economically important group of parasitic plants as infestation by some of its species can result in significant yield losses in numerous crops. However, native dodders play a crucial role in the ecosystems by promoting diversity in their plant communities. One of the goals of this research is to understand how species of Cuscuta have evolved in North and South America, as well as to continue developing a biodiversity database for this group of plants. Cuscuta has pronounced variation of the chromosome number (polyploidy) and thus another aim is to unravel how the extra sets of chromosomes have been acquired and maintained, and what was the role of these changes in the evolution of dodders. Since Cuscuta plants are attacked by very few insects, this research program also studies their defense mechanism, which we hypothesize is based on the latex secreted in all the organs of the plant by structures called laticifers. Finally, another short-term goal is to discover if the seedlings of some native species of Cuscuta can form symbiotic associations with soil fungi immediately after germination, when the parasites are not attached to a host. Such a relationship may help them survive without a functional root until they locate and attach themselves to a host, but at the same time it would restrict them to a particular habitat and soil type. Overall, this research is part of the ongoing global effort to catalog life on Earth and understand its natural history and evolution. From a practical point of view, the results will facilitate a better identification and management of both the weedy and endangered Cuscuta species.

该研究计划适用于寄生植物，这些植物从其他植物（称为宿主）获取部分或全部营养和水分。许多寄生植物的多样性、进化和生物学仍然知之甚少。我们的工作重点是菟丝子（“菟丝子”），它有 200 多种物种，是世界上最复杂、最多样化的寄生植物之一。菟丝子物种在经济和生态上都很重要。菟丝子是第三大经济重要的寄生植物，因为其中一些物种的侵染可能会导致许多作物的产量大幅下降。然而，本地菟丝子通过促进植物群落的多样性在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。这项研究的目标之一是了解菟丝子物种在北美和南美是如何进化的，以及继续开发该植物群的生物多样性数据库。菟丝子具有明显的染色体数量变异（多倍体），因此另一个目标是揭示额外的染色体组是如何获得和维持的，以及这些变化在菟丝子进化中的作用是什么。由于菟丝子植物很少受到昆虫的攻击，因此该研究项目还研究了它们的防御机制，我们假设该机制是基于植物所有器官中通过称为乳管的结构分泌的乳胶。最后，另一个短期目标是发现当寄生虫未附着在宿主上时，某些菟丝子本地物种的幼苗是否可以在发芽后立即与土壤真菌形成共生关系。这种关系可能会帮助它们在没有功能性根的情况下生存，直到它们找到宿主并附着在宿主上，但同时也会将它们限制在特定的栖息地和土壤类型中。总的来说，这项研究是全球持续努力的一部分，旨在对地球上的生命进行分类并了解其自然历史和进化。从实践的角度来看，这些结果将有助于更好地识别和管理杂草和濒临灭绝的菟丝子物种。