Rhythms of a changing ocean: Chronobiology and control of reproduction in marine organisms

海洋变化的节奏：海洋生物的时间生物学和繁殖控制

• 批准号: 311406-2013
• 负责人: Mercier, Annie
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=526185
• 关键词: Rhythms; changing; ocean; Chronobiology; control

Life and its rhythms evolved in the sea, yet our understanding of biological rhythms largely revolves around circadian and seasonal cycles in terrestrial models. My research on marine organisms strives to elucidate key interplays in cyclic life-history events, following an integrated view that combines the perspectives of chronobiology (relation between biological activity and time), phenology (relation between periodic events and climatic conditions) and evolutionary biology (adaptive benefits of biological rhythms). My long-term objective is to clarify the mediators and adaptive significance of reproductive periodicities in benthic populations. Recently we found that 24 boreal species belonging to 6 phyla undergo seasonal and lunar rhythms of reproduction with mass-spawning events similar to coral reefs, although species-specific diel components preserve reproductive isolation. We also found that deep-sea species, presumably exposed to little environmental variability, still exhibit seasonal and lunar breeding cycles. Currently proposed mechanisms and advantages of rhythmic reproductive events cannot fully explain why so many species release progeny in spring, irrespective of reproductive mode (free spawning, brooding), larval type (feeding, nonfeeding), depth or region. The short term objectives of the proposed program are to: 1) further investigate breeding periodicity in deep-sea species; 2) compare the adaptive value of periodic reproduction in species with different life histories; 3) tease out the drivers of breeding rhythms in deep-sea and boreal taxa; 4) investigate the concept of "sentinels" (organisms more receptive to environmental cues); and 5) identify circadian rhythms in species with seasonal breeding. By integrating concepts of reproductive biology, chronobiology and chemical ecology we hope to disentangle the respective roles played by biological clocks, external cues and social interactions and gain a finer understanding of benthic ecosystem functioning. Identifying the drivers of multileveled biological rhythms in marine taxa will not only provide insight into our evolutionary past but also help develop aquaculture techniques and time-scale-based management and conservation strategies.

生命及其节奏在海中演变，但是我们对生物节奏的理解在很大程度上围绕着陆地模型中的昼夜节律和季节性周期。我对海洋生物的研究旨在阐明循环生活新事件中的关键相互作用，遵循结合时间生物学（生物学活动与时间之间的关系）的综合观点，地候（周期性事件与气候条件之间的关系）和进化生物学（进化生物学之间的关系）生物节奏的自适应益处）。我的长期目标是阐明底栖人群生殖周期性的介体和适应性意义。最近，我们发现属于6个门的24种北方物种经历了季节性和月球繁殖的节奏，尽管物种特异性的DIEL成分可以保留生殖隔离，但具有类似于珊瑚礁的质量生物事件。我们还发现，深海物种，大概暴露于很少的环境变异性，仍然表现出季节性和月球繁殖周期。目前提出的节奏生殖事件的机制和优势无法完全解释为什么这么多物种在春季释放后代，无论生殖模式如何（自由产卵，繁殖），幼虫类型（幼虫类型（进食，非喂食），深度），深度或区域。拟议程序的短期目标是：1）进一步研究深海物种的繁殖周期； 2）比较具有不同寿命的物种周期性繁殖的适应价值； 3）取消在深海和北方分类单元中繁殖节奏的驱动因素； 4）研究“哨兵”的概念（生物体对环境提示更容易接受）； 5）确定具有季节性育种物种的昼夜节律。通过整合生殖生物学，时间生物学和化学生态学的概念，我们希望解散生物钟，外部线索和社会互动所扮演的各自的角色，并对底栖生态系统的功能有更深刻的了解。确定海洋分类单元中多级生物节奏的驱动因素不仅可以洞悉我们的进化过去，而且还可以帮助开发水产养殖技术和基于时间尺度的管理和保护策略。