Cosmic magnetism

宇宙磁力

• 批准号: 122180-2010
• 负责人: Taylor, AndrewRussell
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=513710
• 关键词: Cosmic; magnetism

Magnetism is one of the fundamental forces of nature. Magnetic fields are known to exist in galaxies, from the energetic nuclei that harbour super massive black holes, to the diffuse medium between the stars in the disks. Magnetic forces are known to be critically important in governing many of the phenomena that drive the evolution of galaxies, from star formation, structure formation, large-scale dynamics, and confinement and acceleration of high-energy particles. Despite their ubiquity and importance in the Universe, very little is known about the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism. Polarization of radio emission is one of the key probes of cosmic magnetic fields. Cosmic magnetism has been identified as one of the key science goals of next generational international radio astronomy facilities that are currently under construction or planned, such as the EVLA, the Australia SKA Pathfinder and the SKA. The research described in this proposal will significantly advance our understanding of the origin, evolution and role of cosmic magnetic fields by using the world's most powerful radio telescopes to carry out large observing projects that map the polarized emission from the sky in both space and frequency. GALFACTS uses the multiple-feed horn array on the Arecibo telescope to image 40% of the sky to sensitivity five times deeper than the any previous polarization survey and with full spectral information of frequency dependence. This project will measure the polarization properties of over 1,00,000 radio sources and map the diffuse polarized emission from the interaction of magnetic fields with the interstellar medium in our Galaxy. The EVLA Deep Polarization Field will measure the faint polarized signals from disks of galaxies out to high redshifts, tracing the evolution of fields in galaxies over a significant fraction of the age of the universes. These projects combine development of advanced techniques for observing and data processing, cutting edge science, collaborations with a global network of leading researchers, and partnership with major observatories and industry - fertile environment to train young scientists who can work at the interface of advanced technologies and world-class science.

磁性是自然的基本力量之一。 已知磁场存在于星系中，从藏有超大黑洞的能量核到磁盘中恒星之间的扩散培养基。 众所周知，磁力对于管理许多驱动星系演变的现象至关重要，从恒星形成，结构形成，大规模动力学以及高能颗粒的限制和加速度。尽管在宇宙中无处不在和重要性，但对宇宙磁性的起源和演变知之甚少。 无线电发射的极化是宇宙磁场的关键探针之一。 宇宙磁性已被确定为目前正在建设或计划的下一代国际射电天文学设施的关键科学目标之一，例如EVLA，澳大利亚SKA探路者和SKA。该提案中描述的研究将通过使用世界上最强大的射电望远镜执行大型观察项目，从而大大提高我们对宇宙磁场的起源，演变和作用的理解，这些项目绘制了空间和频率中天空中极化发射的大型项目。 Galfacts使用Arecibo望远镜上的多馈喇叭阵列来对40％的天空进行图像，比以前的任何极化调查更深5倍，并且具有频率依赖性的完整频谱信息。 该项目将测量超过1,00,000个无线电源的极化特性，并绘制我们银河系中磁场与星际介质的相互作用的扩散极化发射。 EVLA深极化场将测量来自星系磁盘到高红移的微弱极化信号，从而追踪星系中田间在宇宙年龄的很大一部分中的田间演变。 这些项目结合了用于观察和数据处理，尖端科学，与全球领先研究人员网络的合作以及与主要观测者和行业的合作伙伴关系的高级技术的开发，以培训可以在高级技术和界面工作的年轻科学家培训年轻科学家世界一流的科学。