Trophic and guild interactions in biological control

生物控制中的营养和行会相互作用

• 批准号: 138131-2011
• 负责人: Brodeur, Jacques
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=475776
• 关键词: Trophic; guild; interactions; biological; control

Biological control is the use of natural enemies (pathogens, predators, parasites) to suppress a pest population. It is a viable and sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. My research is aimed at identifying some of the governing ecological principles and mechanisms of multispecies interactions within arthropod communities found in agroecosystems. From an applied perspective, this research is essential because negative interactions between natural enemies may compromise the effectiveness of biological control programs. The present project will address fundamental and applied questions related to intraguild interactions (i.e. interactions between species at the same trophic level that share the same resource) and host behavior manipulation by parasitic wasps. Using approaches in molecular ecology and behavioral ecology, I wish to identify and quantify ecological and abiotic factors that determine the incidence of predation among species of aphid predators, as well as between predators and parasitic wasps in soybean fields. A second axis of my program relates to strategies evolved by parasitic wasps to exploit their host, and the impact of altered behaviors may have on biological control. We have recently observed that a parasitic wasp induces its coccinellid host to behave as a "bodyguard": the host remains close to the parasitoid pupae and displays a range of aggressive/defensive behaviors that protect parasitoid cocoon against its natural enemies. Furthermore, the coccinellids often recover from parasitism. I plan to answer three important questions on the host behavior manipulation. First, to what extent does parasitism impair coccinellid fitness? Second, are coccinellids recovering from parasitism abundant in nature? Finally, from an applied perspective, do parasitized coccinellids have intrinsically the same capacity to regulate aphid populations as unparasitized conspecifics under field conditions?

生物防治是利用天敌（病原体、捕食者、寄生虫）来抑制害虫种群。它是合成农药的可行且可持续的替代品。我的研究旨在确定农业生态系统中节肢动物群落内多物种相互作用的一些主导生态原理和机制。从应用的角度来看，这项研究至关重要，因为天敌之间的负面相互作用可能会损害生物控制计划的有效性。本项目将解决与行会内部相互作用（即共享相同资源的同一营养级物种之间的相互作用）和寄生黄蜂的宿主行为操纵相关的基本和应用问题。我希望利用分子生态学和行为生态学的方法来识别和量化决定蚜虫捕食者物种之间以及大豆田中捕食者和寄生黄蜂之间捕食发生率的生态和非生物因素。我的计划的第二个轴涉及寄生黄蜂进化出的利用宿主的策略，以及行为改变可能对生物控制产生的影响。我们最近观察到，寄生蜂诱导其瓢虫宿主充当“保镖”：宿主与寄生蜂蛹保持接近，并表现出一系列攻击/防御行为，以保护寄生蜂茧免受天敌的侵害。此外，瓢虫通常会从寄生中恢复过来。我计划回答关于宿主行为操纵的三个重要问题。首先，寄生在多大程度上损害了瓢虫的适应性？其次，从寄生中恢复的瓢虫在自然界中是否大量存在？最后，从应用的角度来看，在田间条件下，寄生的瓢虫与未寄生的同种植物具有本质上相同的调节蚜虫种群的能力吗？