The preperation and examination of the high temperature oxidation of air sensitive materials: studying materials for the sequestration of nuclear waste

空气敏感材料高温氧化的制备与检验：核废料封存材料的研究

• 批准号: 390540-2010
• 负责人: Grosvenor, Andrew
• 金额: $ 3.94万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=443215
• 关键词: preperation; examination; temperature; oxidation; air

With fossil fuel based power generators being phased out because of environmental concerns, nuclear energy is once again a serious alternative. Although the power generated by nuclear reactors is considered "clean", hazardous radioactive waste is produced. Canada supplies >25% of the worlds' uranium (U) supply (production value > $2.5 billion), with much of it destined for nuclear power facilities. To increase Canada's position in the U market, it is important to develop materials for use in the storage of nuclear waste. The long-term goal of the research program initiated by the Grosvenor group is the development of ordered compounds that can sequester U in the structure and resist radiation induced structure damage. To initiate this research, model compounds representing host materials will be examined first in order to gain a clear understanding of the relationship between crystal structure, composition, bonding, electronic structure, and surface reactivity to the sequestration of actinides like U. Of particular interest is the examination of the high temperature oxidation of possible host materials under various conditions. Part of this RTI grant will be used to purchase a high temperature tube furnace to oxidize materials having the zircon (ASiO4; A=Zr, Hf), and skutterudite (REM4Pn12; rare-earth (RE)=La, Ce, Eu, Gd; M = Fe, Co; Pn (pnictide)=P, As, Sb, Bi) structures. The tube furnace will be able to heat materials to temperatures as high as 1700C for extended periods of time and will allow for the experiments to be performed in a controlled environment. The electronic structure and oxidation behaviour of the materials to be synthesized will be investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, utilizing synchrotron radiation. The rare-earths, pnictides, and actinides used to produce the materials to be studied are air sensitive. To produce pure materials, it is best to manipulate and store these elements in a glovebox. Further, for safety reasons, manipulation of radioactive materials in a glovebox that can operate under either a positive or negative pressure is preferred. The items to be purchased with this RTI grant are needed to propel this research program forward.

由于环境问题，核能再次成为一个严重的选择，因此基于化石燃料的发电机被淘汰。 尽管核反应堆产生的功率被认为是“清洁”，但仍会产生危险的放射性废物。 加拿大供应> 25％的世界铀（U）供应（生产价值> 25亿加元），其中大部分注定为核电设施。 为了提高加拿大在U市场中的地位，开发用于存储核废料的材料很重要。 Grosvenor组启动的研究计划的长期目标是开发有序化合物，这些化合物可以在结构中隔离U并抵抗辐射诱导的结构损伤。 为了启动这项研究，将首先检查代表宿主材料的模型化合物，以清楚地了解晶体结构，组成，键合，电子结构和表面反应对静cte骨（如尤其感兴趣的美国）的表面反应性，这是对各种条件下可能宿主材料的高温氧化的检查。 该RTI赠款的一部分将用于购买高温管炉，以氧化具有锆石（ASIO4； A = Zr，HF）和Skutterudite（REM4PN12; REARTH（RE）= LA，CE，CE，EU，GD; M = Fe，M = Fe，Co; Pn（Pnictide）= Pn（Pnictide）= Pn（Pnictide）= Pn（Pnictide）= p，pe，sb，sb，sb，sb，sb，sb，sbi）结构。 管炉可以长时间将材料加热至1700c的温度，并可以在受控环境中进行实验。 利用同步加速器辐射的X射线衍射，X射线光电光谱和X射线吸收光谱法将研究要合成的材料的电子结构和氧化行为。 用来生产要研究的材料的稀土，pnictides和actinides对空气敏感。 为了生产纯材料，最好操纵和存储这些元素在手套箱中。 此外，出于安全原因，首选可以在正压或负压下运行的手套箱中放射性材料的操纵。 需要使用此RTI赠款购买的项目才能推动该研究计划的前进。