Tritium recovery and 13C-tracer studies for the ITER fusion energy project

ITER 聚变能源项目的氚回收和 13C 示踪剂研究

• 批准号: 321526-2005
• 负责人: Haasz, Anthony
• 金额: $ 20.03万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Special Research Opportunity Program - Project
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362924
• 关键词: Tritium; recovery; 13C; tracer; studies

Leaders of the world fusion energy research program have asked our University of Toronto (UofT) fusion group to carry out 13C-tracer and tritium-recovery studies aimed at solving the potential 'show-stopping' tritium retention problem for the $5 billion ITER tokamak project. ITER is being built by an international consortium of industrial nations to demonstrate the scientific feasibility of fusion energy. It is clear that a sufficiently severe oxidation in the tokamak vessel (O2 pressure, temperature, duration) will remove all forms of carbon, releasing any trapped hydrogen. The task is to establish the least severe conditions which will achieve adequate tritium recovery, in order to avoid damage to the ITER vessel and internal components, as well as to minimize the down-time required for reconditioning the vessel after oxidation. Before testing in situ oxidation in DIII-D it is essential to perform comprehensive ex situ oxidation studies in our UofT lab, in order not to expose DIII-D to any more severe oxidation conditions than necessary. Different deposit types tend to form on different locations - plasma-contacting surfaces, 'hidden' surfaces such as tile gaps, etc. In the proposed study we will perform 13C-tracer experiments in DIII-D, using ITER-relevant (strongly heated, H-mode) plasma conditions, then remove a set of tiles and have them analyzed for 13C content at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque). The tiles will then be evaluated in our UofT lab with regard to the ability of different severities of oxidation exposure to remove the different types and locations of 13C co-deposit - the amounts of which will be known. Tiles taken from JET after 13C-tracer experiments will also be analyzed for 13C at JET and Tekes (Helsinki), T content at Karlsruhe, and subsequently will be exposed to oxidation in our UofT lab. Interpretive plasma edge and impurity transport computer code analysis will be applied to the measured 13C deposition patterns in order to generate the understanding needed to apply findings to ITER.

世界聚变能源研究计划的领导者已要求我们的多伦多大学 (UofT) 聚变小组开展 13C 示踪剂和氚回收研究，旨在解决 50 亿美元的 ITER 托卡马克项目中潜在的“令人震惊”的氚保留问题。 ITER 是由工业国家组成的国际联盟建造的，旨在展示聚变能源的科学可行性。很明显，托卡马克容器中足够严重的氧化（氧气压力、温度、持续时间）将去除所有形式的碳，释放任何捕获的氢。任务是建立能够实现充分氚回收的最不严酷的条件，以避免损坏 ITER 容器和内部组件，并最大限度地减少氧化后修复容器所需的停机时间。在测试 DIII-D 中的原位氧化之前，必须在多伦多大学实验室进行全面的非原位氧化研究，以免将 DIII-D 暴露在不必要的更严重的氧化条件下。不同的沉积类型往往形成在不同的位置 - 等离子体接触表面、“隐藏”表面（例如瓷砖间隙等）。在拟议的研究中，我们将使用 ITER 相关的（强加热、 H 模式）等离子条件，然后移除一组瓷砖，并在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校（以及阿尔伯克基桑迪亚国家实验室）对它们进行 13C 含量分析。然后，我们将在多伦多大学实验室对瓷砖进行评估，评估不同严重程度的氧化暴露去除不同类型和位置的 13C 共沉积物的能力 - 其数量将是已知的。经过 13C 示踪剂实验后从 JET 取出的瓷砖也将在 JET 和 Tekes（赫尔辛基）进行 13C 分析，在卡尔斯鲁厄进行 T 含量分析，随后将在我们的多伦多大学实验室进行氧化分析。解释性等离子体边缘和杂质传输计算机代码分析将应用于测量的 13C 沉积模式，以便产生将研究结果应用于 ITER 所需的理解。