Terrestrial and marine cenozoic palynology: high latitude biostratigraphy, ecostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy

陆地和海洋新生代孢粉学：高纬度生物地层学、生态地层学和稳定同位素地层学

• 批准号: 4246-2006
• 负责人: Norris, Geoffrey
• 金额: $ 1.81万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=332479
• 关键词: Terrestrial; marine; cenozoic; palynology; latitude

Spores and pollen occur abundantly as tiny fossils in sediments and can be identified by palynologists to make comparisons with similar species in the modern vegetation.  They can be used to reconstruct changes in ancient vegetation that occurred as the climate warmed and cooled through the Cenozoic (the last 65 million years).  Northern Canada is particularly susceptible to vegetational changes linked to climatic fluctuations because for the last several tens of millions of years it has occupied a high latitude position close to the North Pole where small changes can lead to large effects.  This research program focuses on an Arctic sedimentary basin developed under the Mackenzie Delta and adjacent Beaufort Sea which is important for petroleum production and also because it contains a record of climate change in deep time.  The results of this research will clarify how climates have changed in Canada over long periods of time, and particularly will shed light on extreme warm climates which occurred 50-60 million years ago on the one hand, and the onset of very cool conditions and the eventual freeze-up leading to the glaciation of much of Canada in the geologically recent past, starting perhaps 15 million years ago.  Tiny single celled algae (dinoflagellates) also occur in sediments deposited on the sea floor, and their rapid evolution can be used to accurately calibrate times of climate change and also determine the nature of the early Arctic Ocean, when it was formed, and its changing salinity.  This research has practical applications which can be immediately used in the oil and gas industry because it provides information for the exploration geologist on when and how rocks from deep oil and gas wells were deposited.

孢子和花粉在沉积物中的微小化石中极为出现，可以由骑士学家确定以与现代植被中类似物种进行比较。它们可用于重建古代植被的变化，随着气候温暖和冷却在Cenozoic（最近6500万年）。加拿大北部特别容易受到与杂志波动相关的植被变化的影响，因为在过去的几千万年中，它已经占据了靠近北极的高纬度位置，在那里很小的变化会导致巨大的影响。该研究计划的重点是在Mackenzie Delta和邻近的Beaufort Sea下开发的北极沉积盆地，该盆地对石油生产很重要，还因为它包含了深度时间的气候变化记录。这项研究的结果将阐明加拿大长期发生的气候如何变化，尤其是一方面发生的极端温暖的气候，一方面发生了50至6000万年前的气候，以及非常凉爽的条件的发作，事件冻结，并导致了最近的地质学上的大部分加拿大冰川，从过去的地理上开始，可能是从过去的1500万年前开始的。微小的单细胞藻类（鞭毛藻）也发生在沉积在海底的沉积物中，它们的快速进化可用于准确校准气候变化的时代，并确定形成早期北极海洋的性质，并在形成其变化时。这项研究具有实际应用，可以在石油和天然气行业中立即使用，因为它为勘探地质学家提供了有关何时以及如何沉积岩石的信息。