How do conditioned alcohol associations promote alcohol drinking

条件酒精协会如何促进饮酒

• 批准号: 9101905
• 负责人: EMMA CHILDS
• 金额: $ 28.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9101905
• 关键词: Abstinence; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Animals; Association Learning; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Clinical; Cognition; Communities; Conditioned Reflex; Consumption; Cues; Data; Development; Dextroamphetamine; Disease; Environment; Exhibits; Goals; Health; Helping Behavior; Human; Human Volunteers; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Moods; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacotherapy; Physiology; Pilot Projects; Placebos; Process; Public Health; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Stimulus; Testing; Time; United States; Work; addiction; alcohol craving; alcohol cue; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; alcohol relapse; alcohol related problem; alcohol response; alcohol reward; alcoholism therapy; animal data; base; cognitive performance; conditioning; cost; drinking; drug reward; effective therapy; individualized medicine; innovation; interest; novel; novel strategies; preference; prevent; response; theories; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Learned associations between alcohol and the people, places and paraphernalia (cues) surrounding alcohol drinking represent a major barrier to the successful treatment of alcohol dependence; these associations are remarkably persistent, despite efforts to extinguish them, and can trigger alcohol craving and relapse even after long periods of abstinence. Thus, associations between alcohol and alcohol cues constitute a unique target for treatment but there is little clinical evidence of how the associations are formed, and limited empirical support for a direct effect of cues on alcohol consumption. The long-term goal of this research is to understand how alcohol cues become powerfully linked with alcohol drinking, their influences on physiology and behavior, and how they promote alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence. The objective of the proposed research project is to determine how associations between alcohol and the places where it is consumed influence ad lib drinking and the behavioral processes underlying the causal link using a de novo conditioning model in heavy drinkers. This novel model, developed in the applicants' laboratory, is particularly well-suited to studying conditioned alcohol associations because exposure to alcohol and alcohol-paired environments can be carefully controlled allowing a comprehensive analysis of the results. The working hypothesis is that alcohol conditioned cues (contexts) alter behavior and subjective responses to alcohol which mediate an increase in drinking. The rationale for the project is that vital knowledge regarding conditioned responses to alcohol contexts will lead to novel strategies to counteract responses to conditioned alcohol cues, their influence on behavior, and alcohol drinking. The hypothesis, based upon strong preliminary data from the applicants' laboratory, will be tested by three specific aims: 1) Identify mood, behavior and subjective responses to alcohol in the alcohol-paired context, 2) Assess ad lib alcohol drinking in the alcohol-paired context and determine how it is related to mood, behavior and subjective responses to alcohol, and 3) Determine how individual differences in alcohol subjective response influence the development of conditioned associations between alcohol and contexts. We believe that the proposed plan of research is innovative because it will examine how conditioned associations between alcohol and contexts are formed in humans, the influence of the conditioned associations on mood and behavior, and their direct effect on alcohol consumption. This research project is significant because it will advance and expand understanding of how conditioned associations between alcohol and cues are acquired and of their influences on alcohol reward, wanting and consumption. Ultimately this knowledge is expected to inform the development of novel strategies and pharmacotherapies to counteract responses to the conditioned cues in effective treatment approaches.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精与饮酒周围的人、地点和用具（线索​​）之间的已知关联是成功治疗酒精依赖的主要障碍；尽管我们努力消除它们，但这些关联仍然非常持久，并且即使在长期戒酒之后也可能引发对酒精的渴望和复发。因此，酒精和酒精线索之间的关联构成了独特的治疗目标，但几乎没有临床证据表明这些关联是如何形成的，并且线索对饮酒的直接影响的经验支持也很有限。这项研究的长期目标是了解酒精线索如何与饮酒密切相关，它们对生理和行为的影响，以及它们如何促进饮酒和酒精依赖。拟议研究项目的目标是使用重度饮酒者的从头调节模型来确定酒精与饮酒地点之间的关联如何影响随意饮酒以及因果关系背后的行为过程。这种在申请人实验室开发的新颖模型特别适合研究条件酒精关联，因为可以仔细控制暴露于酒精和酒精配对环境，从而可以对结果进行全面分析。有效的假设是，酒精条件暗示（情境）会改变行为和对酒精的主观反应，从而介导饮酒量的增加。该项目的基本原理是，关于对酒精环境的条件反应的重要知识将带来新的策略来抵消对条件酒精暗示的反应、其对行为和饮酒的影响。该假设以申请人实验室提供的强有力的初步数据为基础，将通过三个具体目标进行测试：1）识别酒精配对背景下的情绪、行为和对酒精的主观反应，2）评估酒精中随意饮酒的情况-配对情境并确定其与情绪、行为和对酒精的主观反应之间的关系，以及 3) 确定酒精主观反应的个体差异如何影响酒精和情境之间条件关联的发展。我们认为，拟议的研究计划具有创新性，因为它将研究酒精与环境之间的条件关联如何在人类中形成，条件关联对情绪和行为的影响，以及它们对饮酒的直接影响。这个研究项目意义重大，因为它将促进和扩大对酒精和暗示之间的条件关联如何获得以及它们对酒精奖励、需求和消费的影响的理解。最终，这些知识有望为新策略和药物疗法的开发提供信息，以抵消有效治疗方法中对条件线索的反应。