Delivering instructional microstimulation in frontal and parietal cortical areas

在额叶和顶叶皮质区域提供指导性微刺激

• 批准号: 9190587
• 负责人: Kevin Andrew Mazurek
• 金额: $ 6.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9190587
• 关键词: Affect; Anterior; Apraxias; Area; Behavioral; Body part; Brain; Bypass; Cognitive; Data; Dorsal; Esthesia; Impairment; Individual; Instruction; Joystick; Laws; Learning; Location; Mediating; Methods; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Nervous System Trauma; Nervous system structure; Neural Pathways; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Role; Somatosensory Cortex; Structure; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Visual; Work; abstracting; base; functional restoration; grasp; individual patient; microstimulation; motor disorder; motor impairment; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neural model; neuroprosthesis; novel; relating to nervous system; response; restoration; success; ventral intraparietal area; visual information; visual learning; visual motor

Abstract: For individuals with apraxia, damage to cortical areas involved in prehension, or the connections between these areas, results in an inability to perform a specific action associated with a particular object or instruction. Neuroprosthetic technology could bypass the damaged neural connections by delivering artificial instructions to specific cortical areas. One method of delivering artificial instructions is intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Previous studies have demonstrated ICMS in primary somatosensory cortex can deliver instructions about how to perform behavioral tasks. Stimulating primary somatosensory cortex elicits sensations at different parts of the body. These different sensations are then associated with specific motor responses in order to perform the task. The proposed studies will examine the ability to use ICMS to deliver instructions in cortical areas associated with prehension. Prehension is the act of reaching and grasping, elaborated through two parallel neural pathways whereby visual information propagates from parietal cortex to motor cortex by way of premotor cortex. To our knowledge, no one has studied how ICMS could deliver instructions in other cortical areas. It is important to understand if other cortical areas can be instructed with ICMS equally well in order to develop methods for restoring damaged cortico-cortical connections. Preliminary data from this application suggest ICMS instructions can be successfully delivered to ventral premotor cortex, an area involved in planning grasps. Based on these successful preliminary results, other frontal and parietal areas involved in prehension will be tested to determine how well ICMS instructions can be delivered. Understanding which cortical areas can most readily be stimulated to deliver instructions, and how the underlying cortico-cortical connectivity affects the neural processing of these artificial instructions, will enable neuroprosthetic technology to bypass damaged cortico-cortical connections and become a clinically viable method for restoring lost cognitive motor function.

摘要：对于患有失用症、涉及抓握或连接的皮质区域受损的个体 在这些区域之间，导致无法执行与特定对象相关的特定操作或 操作说明。神经假体技术可以通过提供人工神经来绕过受损的神经连接 对特定皮质区域的指示。传递人工指令的一种方法是皮质内 微刺激（ICMS）。先前的研究表明初级体感皮层的 ICMS 可以 提供有关如何执行行为任务的说明。刺激初级体感皮层引发 身体不同部位的感觉。这些不同的感觉与特定的运动相关联 响应以执行任务。拟议的研究将检验使用 ICMS 提供服务的能力 与抓握相关的皮质区域的指令。抓握是达到和抓住的行为， 通过两条平行的神经通路详细阐述，视觉信息从顶叶皮层传播到 运动皮层通过前运动皮层。据我们所知，没有人研究过 ICMS 如何提供 其他皮质区域的指令。重要的是要了解是否可以指导其他皮质区域 ICMS 同样致力于开发恢复受损皮质-皮质连接的方法。初步的 该应用程序的数据表明 ICMS 指令可以成功传递到腹侧前运动皮层， 规划所涉及的领域。基于这些成功的初步结果，其他额叶和顶叶 将测试涉及抓取的区域，以确定 ICMS 指令的传递效果如何。 了解哪些皮层区域最容易受到刺激来发出指令，以及如何 潜在的皮质-皮质连接影响这些人工指令的神经处理，将使 神经假体技术绕过受损的皮质-皮质连接并成为临床上可行的技术 恢复丧失的认知运动功能的方法。