Multiple scales of representation in V1

V1 中的多种表示形式

• 批准号: 8945471
• 负责人: DAVID J HEEGER
• 金额: $ 41.24万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8945471
• 关键词: Affect; Amblyopia; Anisotropy; Architecture; Area; Arteries; Biological Models; Blood Vessels; Brain; Calcium; Clinical; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Disease; Electrodes; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Link; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Radial; Relative (related person); Resolution; Resources; Role; Running; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Tissues; Translational Research; Ursidae Family; V1 neuron; Veins; Vision; Vision research; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Work; area striata; base; blood flow measurement; cognitive system; hemodynamics; human subject; innovation; journal article; multidisciplinary; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; optical imaging; orientation selectivity; patient population; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinotopic; sensory neuroscience; simulation; stimulus processing; theories; tool; visual deprivation; visual neuroscience

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Primary visual cortex (V1) is likely the best studied sensory cortical area, and is a model for understanding broad principles of cortical processing. Similarly, orientation in V1 is likely one of the simplest and best studied cortical sensory features. Orientation is used as a model for understanding more complex feature processing in other cortical areas, and oriented V1-like receptive fields play an important role in successful computational models of vision. Yet even something as basic as the map of orientation on V1 is inadequately understood. We propose a multidisciplinary series of theoretical and empirical studies to characterize orientation selectivity from the scale of columns to that of retinotopic maps. We will test the hypothesis that coarse-scale biases in orientation preferences are fundamental to understanding the link between orientation-selective neural activity in V1 and orientation perception. We will distinguish and separately measure 3 different processes (stimulus vignetting, cardinal/radial gain fields, and asymmetric surround suppression) that might contribute to coarse-scale orientation biases. Doing so will enable us to characterize the cardinal/radial gain fields in V1 (i.e., the intrinsic representation of the stimulus orientation), independent of the edge effects (from stimulus vignetting and surround suppression), and determine the extent to which the gain field predict a perceptual phenomenon called the oblique effect. We will settle the controversy about fMRI decoding of stimulus orientation by quantifying the relative contribu- tions of fine- (i.e., columnar) vs. intermediate- (i.e., vascular pooling) v. coarse (i.e., stimulus vignetting, asymmetric surround suppression, cardinal/radial gain fields) scale biases in orientation preferences. Resolving the source of the orientation preferences in fMRI measurements from V1 will guide the interpretation of thousands of studies based on multivariate statistical analyses in other brain areas. We will develop and implement a model of the responses of an entire population of neurons in V1, that will enable simulations of all variety of methods: single- and multi-unit firing rates, calcium imaging, optical imaging, and fMRI responses, implemented so that it can be run on any stimulus image, including the stimulus aperture. Amongst other applications, the model will be used to establish the extent to which stimulus vignetting is a confound in vision and visual neuroscience research; almost every study in our field utilizes a stimulus aperture, but ignores the potential impact of the aperture. Variou disorders have been associated with differences in the topography and functional architecture of visual cortex, and/or with differences in visual sensitivity across the visual field. The experimental protocols that we propose will be readily applicable to patient populations. Consequently, the experimental protocols and theoretical principles that we propose will be widely applicable in basic as well as translational research.

 描述（由申请人提供）：初级视觉皮层 (V1) 可能是研究得最好的感觉皮层区域，并且是理解皮层处理的广泛原理的模型。V1 中的方向可能是最简单和研究得最好的皮层感觉特征之一方向被用作理解其他皮质区域中更复杂的特征处理的模型，并且类似 V1 的定向感受野在成功的视觉计算模型中发挥着重要作用，但即使是像方向图这样的基本模型。我们对 V1 的理解还不够充分，我们提出了一系列多学科的理论和实证研究来表征从柱的尺度到视网膜专题图的方向选择性。我们将检验方向偏好的粗尺度偏差对于理解之间的联系至关重要的假设。 V1 和方向感知中的方向选择性神经活动我们将区分并分别测量可能导致粗尺度方向偏差的 3 个不同过程（刺激渐晕、基数/径向增益场和不对称环绕抑制）。这样做将使我们能够表征 V1 中的基数/径向增益场（即刺激方向的内在表示）， 独立于边缘效应（来自刺激渐晕和环绕抑制），并确定增益场预测称为倾斜效应的感知现象的程度。我们将通过量化精细的相对贡献来解决有关刺激方向的 fMRI 解码的争议。 - （即，柱状）与中间 - （即，血管汇集）与粗略（即，刺激渐晕、不对称环绕抑制、基数/径向增益场）解决 V1 功能磁共振成像测量中方向偏好的来源将指导基于其他大脑区域的多元统计分析的数千项研究的解释。 V1 中的神经元，这将能够模拟各种 方法：单单元和多单元发射率、钙成像、光学成像和功能磁共振成像响应，使其可以在任何刺激图像上运行，包括刺激孔径。在其他应用中，该模型将用于建立。刺激渐晕在视觉和视觉神经科学研究中是一个令人困惑的问题；我们领域的几乎每项研究都利用刺激孔径，但忽略了各种疾病与地形和功能结构的差异有关。我们提出的实验方案将很容易适用于患者群体，并且我们提出的实验方案和理论原则将广泛适用于基础和视觉皮层。转化研究。