Enhancing Child Cognitive and Brain Health through Physical Activity Training

通过体育活动训练增强儿童认知和大脑健康

• 批准号: 8877573
• 负责人: CHARLES H HILLMAN
• 金额: $ 59.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8877573
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Aerobic; Animal Experimentation; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child health care; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Databases; Developed Countries; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Elderly; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Health Status; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Illinois; Individual; Institutes; International; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Literature; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Memory; Molecular; Multiple Sclerosis; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurosciences; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Overweight; Parkinson Disease; Performance; Physical activity; Population; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Resolution; Rest; School-Age Population; Schools; Series; Structure; Students; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Waiting Lists; Youth; achievement test; base; behavior measurement; bioimaging; brain volume; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; executive function; experience; fitness; gray matter; imaging system; improved; improved functioning; indexing; interest; lifestyle factors; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; professor; programs; relating to nervous system; relational memory; sedentary; trend; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term objective of this project is to develop an understanding of lifestyle factors that influence the cognitive and brain health of children while also reducing the sedentary nature of today's youth. Previous research conducted by our research team and others has found that physical activity interventions can enhance both a variety of aspects of cognition and brain structure and function of children, older adults, and individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. More specifically, in our research with children we have found that higher fit children possess larger hippocampi which in turn are related to better relational memory than their lower fit counterparts. We have also observed that higher fit children exhibit more efficient executive control as indicated by performance measures and event-related brain potentials. While intriguing, these cross-sectional data do not enable us to establish causality between physical activity and cognition. In the current proposal we substantially extend this previous research by examining the influence of a 9 month randomized controlled afterschool physical activity program on cognition and brain health. Cognition will be assessed with a battery of tasks and standardized achievement tests both before and after the 9 month intervention in the activity group and a wait list control (who will receive the intervention the following year). Children will also participate in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions both before and after the intervention (and at comparable times for the wait list control). In these sessions we will measure both structural aspects of the brain including regional volumes of gray matter and the integrity of the white matter tracts (through diffusion tensor imaging) and functional aspects of brain function using fMRI activity recorded as the children perform a series of executive control and memory tasks. We anticipate, based on our cross-sectional studies with children and our previous longitudinal studies with older adults, that the children in the physical activity program will show both larger regional brain volumes, particularly in brain regions that subserve executive control and relational memory, and more efficient brain function, as indexed by task-related and resting state fMRI. Furthermore, we anticipate that these changes will be accompanied by improvements in memory and executive control processes. Given recent trends identifying decreased levels of physical activity and health status in preadolescents, the understanding of the potential benefits of physical activity on cognition is of great interest. It s imperative that factors positively influencing cognitive function of children be examined to maximize health and effective functioning of individuals as they progress through the lifespan.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是了解影响儿童认知和大脑健康的生活方式因素，同时减少当今年轻人的久坐习惯。我们的研究团队和其他人之前进行的研究发现，身体活动干预可以增强儿童、老年人以及患有帕金森病和多发性硬化症等神经退行性疾病的个体的认知以及大脑结构和功能的各个方面。更具体地说，在我们对儿童的研究中，我们发现健康状况较好的儿童拥有更大的海马体，这反过来又比健康状况较差的儿童具有更好的关系记忆。我们还观察到，如表现测量和与事件相关的大脑电位所示，适应性较好的儿童表现出更有效的执行控制。虽然很有趣，但这些横截面数据无法让我们确定体力活动和认知之间的因果关系。在当前的提案中，我们通过检查 9 个月的随机对照课外体育活动计划对认知和大脑健康的影响，大幅扩展了之前的研究。在活动组和候补名单对照（将在下一年接受干预）的 9 个月干预之前和之后，将通过一系列任务和标准化成绩测试来评估认知能力。孩子们会 还参加干预前后的磁共振成像 (MRI) 会议（以及在等待名单控制的可比时间）。在这些课程中，我们将测量大脑的结构方面，包括灰质的区域体积和白质束的完整性（通过扩散张量成像），以及使用孩子们执行一系列执行动作时记录的功能磁共振成像活动来测量大脑功能的功能方面。控制和记忆任务。根据我们对儿童的横断面研究和之前对老年人的纵向研究，我们预计参加体育活动计划的儿童 将显示更大的区域大脑体积，特别是促进执行控制和关系记忆的大脑区域，以及更有效的大脑功能，如任务相关和静息状态功能磁共振成像所索引。此外，我们预计这些变化将伴随着记忆和执行控制过程的改进。鉴于最近发现青春期前青少年体力活动水平和健康状况下降的趋势，了解体力活动对认知的潜在益处非常有意义。必须检查积极影响儿童认知功能的因素，以最大限度地提高个人在一生中的健康和有效功能。