Physical-activity Induced Transient Changes in Hemodynamics (PITCH)

体力活动引起的血流动力学瞬时变化 (PITCH)

• 批准号: 8617661
• 负责人: Matthew B. Pontifex
• 金额: $ 19.59万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-10 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8617661
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Acute; Address; Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Biological Neural Networks; Blood flow; Brain; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrum; Child; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Development; Education; Educational Curriculum; Educational Psychology; Exercise; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glucose; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Institution; Intervention; Kinesiology; Knowledge; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Mental Health; Metabolic; Modeling; Nature; Participant; Pathway interactions; Performance; Physical activity; Policies; Process; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Rest; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Synaptic plasticity; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Vascular resistance; base; cognitive control; cognitive enhancement; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; design; evidence based guidelines; fitness; hemodynamics; improved; innovation; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; preadolescence; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sedentary; trend; wasting

At present, we have little understanding of the key neurobiological mechanisms which result in enhancements in cognition following a single bout of exercise and how these mechanisms accrue to contribute to more permanent changes in cognitive function over time. Such information is vital for the development of physical activity interventions during development to maximize cognitive health and function. Accordingly, this proposal will begin to address this knowledge gap by using an innovative, multi-disciplinary approach cutting across cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, and kinesiology to establish an empirical basis for two hypothesized neurobiological mechanisms - resting-state cerebral blood flow and functional neural connectivity - proposed to underlie the beneficial effects of single-bouts of physical activity on inhibitory control during preadolescence. Using a within-participant repeated-measures design, state-of-the-art functional neuroimaging measures of resting-state cerebral blood flow and functional neural connectivity will be assessed in a sample of preadolescent children in relation to changes in behavioral task performance resulting from a single bout of exercise relative to a non-exercise condition during two separate, counterbalanced sessions. The significance of the current proposal is its potential to advance our understanding of acute-exercise induced enhancements in cognition during preadolescence by determining the extent to which previously proposed mechanisms explain variance in behavioral changes in cognition associated with exercise. This proposal represents an initial step in an extended program of research aimed at the development of physical activity interventions to maximize their influence on these neurobiological mechanisms to generate the greatest cognitive enhancement and potentially more rapidly incur the more stable facilitations in cognitive processes associated with chronic physical activity participation. Ultimately, this research effort has the potential to influence education policy by providing evidence-based recommendations for exercise programming in schools. That is, despite our growing understanding of the relation between physical health and mental health; educational institutions are de-valuing the importance of physical activity during the school day through the reduction or elimination of physical activity opportunities in school. Thus, a greater understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with single bouts of short-duration physical activity may inform on the functional day-to-day implications of removing physical activity opportunities from the school day for cognitive health. As physical activity trends indicate that children are growing increasingly sedentary and unfit; such an understanding of the potential for single-bouts of activity to contribute to more permanent changes in cognitive function over time and how best to optimize physically active behaviors to maximize cognitive health and function during development may serve to alter the trajectories of cognitive and brain development resulting in enhanced academic achievement in school-aged children.

目前，我们对导致这一现象的关键神经生物学机制知之甚少。 单次运动后认知能力的增强以及这些机制如何发挥作用 随着时间的推移，认知功能会发生更持久的变化。这些信息对于企业的发展至关重要 发育过程中的身体活动干预，以最大限度地提高认知健康和功能。据此，这 提案将开始通过使用创新的多学科方法来解决这一知识差距 跨越认知神经科学、教育心理学和运动机能学，为两者建立实证基础 假设的神经生物学机制——静息态脑血流量和功能性神经 连接性——提议作为单次身体活动对抑制控制的有益影响的基础 在青春期前。使用参与者内部重复测量设计，最先进的功能 将评估静息态脑血流量和功能性神经连接的神经影像测量 在青春期前儿童的样本中，与由于某种行为而导致的行为任务表现的变化有关 在两次独立的、平衡的训练期间，相对于非运动条件的单次运动。 当前提案的重要性在于它有可能增进我们对急性运动诱发的理解 通过确定先前提出的程度来增强青春期前的认知能力 机制解释了与运动相关的认知行为变化的差异。这个提议 代表了旨在发展身体活动的扩展研究计划的第一步 最大限度地发挥对这些神经生物学机制的影响的干预措施，以产生最大的效果 认知增强，并可能更快地在认知过程中产生更稳定的促进作用 与长期参与体育活动有关。最终，这项研究工作有可能 通过为运动规划提供循证建议来影响教育政策 学校。也就是说，尽管我们对身体健康和心理健康之间的关系越来越了解； 教育机构通过以下方式降低了在校期间体育活动的重要性： 减少或消除在学校的体育活动机会。从而，对 与单次短期体力活动相关的神经生物学机制可能会影响 取消学校日常体育活动机会对认知功能的日常影响 健康。由于身体活动趋势表明，儿童越来越久坐且不健康；这样一个 了解单次活动有助于认知能力更持久改变的潜力 随着时间的推移功能以及如何最好地优化身体活动行为以最大限度地提高认知健康和 发育过程中的功能可能会改变认知和大脑发育的轨迹，从而导致 提高学龄儿童的学业成绩。