Social Predictors for Transition into Injection Drug Use

转向注射吸毒的社会预测因素

• 批准号: 7867563
• 负责人: CRYSTAL FULLER LEWIS
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7867563
• 关键词: 18 year old; 2 year old; Academy; Accounting; Address; Adolescent; Age; Baltimore; Blood; Calendar; Case-Control Studies; Characteristics; Cocaine Users; Communicable Diseases; Crack Cocaine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Drug usage; Drug user; Economics; Emotional; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Event; Health; Heroin; Hispanics; Illicit Drugs; Incidence; Individual; Injecting drug user; Injection of therapeutic agent; Knowledge; Lead; Logistic Regressions; Measures; Medicine; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Names; New York; New York City; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Prevention strategy; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Race; Recruitment Activity; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Respondent; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sex Behavior; Sexual Partners; Side; Site; Social Behavior; Social Characteristics; Social Environment; Social Network; Social support; Source; Surveys; Time; Victimization; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Work; aged; base; case control; design; follow-up; indexing; member; physical abuse; programs; prospective; racial/ethnic difference; sex; social; transmission process; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this prospective study is to identify risk factors for transition into injection drug use among young adult non-injection drug users (heroin, crack/cocaine users) in New York City. Extensive data has shown that injection drug use is a substantially higher drug-using health risk practice than non-injection primarily due to transmission of blood-borne infectious disease, psychiatric co-morbidity, and other social consequences. Risk factors for illicit drug use have been studied; however, data specifically on transition into the practice of injection remain sparse. Researchers now suggest that determining the effects of the social environment such as social networks and social support on transition into injection as the next step in advancing our knowledge of both injection drug use and injection-related health consequences. For example, while research has shown whites (and according to some studies, Hispanics) as being more likely to use illicit drugs, and to begin use at a younger age than their black counterparts, black and Hispanic drug users are more likely to burden higher rates of infectious disease compared to white drug users. These racial/ethnic differences support the study of social context and how factors that characterize this context may change over time (i.e. from pre-transition to transition). Research has indicated social networks as a viable method of disseminating health-related information lending to additional public health impact resulting from this line of research. Thus, providing a better understanding of ones' social network/support can lead to public health strategies that target social networks. In this proposed study, we will determine the effect of social networks/social support characteristics (e.g. race/ethnicity of index and network members, drug use norms, network size/composition, and economic, informational and emotional support) on: 1) transition into injection, 2) age at transition, and 3) early sex/drug-risk behavior following transition. Data will be obtained from: (1) a prospective study with 2 years of follow-up among 800 non-IDUs, aged 18-35; and (2) a cross-sectional survey among 400 recent onset IDUs, injecting <=2 years, aged 18-35. The study involves targeted and respondent driven sampling methodology of drug users across NYC. The baseline and cross-sectional surveys will include a four-year sociobehavioral review that will capture 2-3 years prior to transition into injection among IDUs that can be compared to the corresponding calendar period in non-IDUs. This study will include analyses for case-control (new IDU cases/non-IDU controls), cross-sectional (new IDUs), and prospective (non-IDUs) designs. Logistic regression analyses and marginal models will be constructed using generalized estimating equations to account for potential intra-class correlation of repeated measures within an individual over time.

描述（由申请人提供）：本前瞻性研究的目的是确定纽约市年轻成年非注射吸毒者（海洛因、强效快克/可卡因使用者）转向注射吸毒的风险因素。大量数据表明，注射吸毒是一种比非注射吸毒健康风险高得多的吸毒行为，主要是由于血源性传染病的传播、精神共病和其他社会后果。对非法药物使用的危险因素进行了研究；然而，具体关于向注射实践过渡的数据仍然很少。研究人员现在建议，确定社会环境（例如社交网络和社会支持）对注射过渡的影响，作为提高我们对注射毒品使用和注射相关健康后果的了解的下一步。例如，虽然研究表明白人（根据一些研究，西班牙裔）更有可能使用非法药物，并且比黑人同行更早开始使用非法药物，但黑人和西班牙裔吸毒者更有可能承受更高的负担与白人吸毒者相比，传染病的发生率。这些种族/民族差异支持对社会背景以及表征这种背景的因素如何随时间变化（即从过渡前到过渡）的研究。研究表明，社交网络是传播健康相关信息的一种可行方法，可增加该研究产生的额外公共卫生影响。因此，更好地了解一个人的社交网络/支持可以导致针对社交网络的公共卫生策略。在这项拟议的研究中，我们将确定社交网络/社会支持特征（例如索引和网络成员的种族/族裔、药物使用规范、网络规模/组成以及经济、信息和情感支持）对以下方面的影响：1）转型注射，2) 过渡年龄，以及 3) 过渡后的早期性/药物风险行为。数据将来自： (1) 一项对 800 名 18-35 岁非吸毒者进行为期 2 年随访的前瞻性研究； (2)对400名近期发病的注射吸毒者进行横断面调查，注射吸毒年龄<=2岁，年龄18-35岁。该研究涉及对纽约市吸毒者进行有针对性和受访者驱动的抽样方法。基线和横断面调查将包括为期四年的社会行为审查，该审查将记录注射吸毒者过渡到注射之前的 2-3 年，并可与非注射吸毒者的相应日历期进行比较。这项研究将包括病例对照（新的注射吸毒者病例/非注射吸毒者对照）、横断面（新的注射吸毒者）和前瞻性（非注射吸毒者）设计的分析。将使用广义估计方程构建逻辑回归分析和边际模型，以解释个体随时间推移重复测量的潜在类内相关性。

项目成果

Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with HIV Among Black and Latino Adults Who Use Drugs and Unaware of Their HIV-Positive Status, New York City, 2000-2004.

吸毒且不知道自己的 HIV 阳性状况的黑人和拉丁裔成年人中与 HIV 相关的个人和社区特征，纽约市，2000-2004 年。

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Lewis, Crystal Fuller;Rivera, Alexis V;Crawford, Natalie D;Gordon, Kirsha;White, Kellee;Vlahov, David;Galea, Sandro
• 通讯作者: Galea, Sandro

The relationship between discrimination and high-risk social ties by race/ethnicity: examining social pathways of HIV risk.

种族/族裔歧视与高风险社会关系之间的关系：检查艾滋病毒风险的社会途径。

• 发表时间: 2014-02
• 作者: Crawford, Natalie D;Galea, Sandro;Ford, Chandra L;Latkin, Carl;Link, Bruce G;Fuller, Crystal
• 通讯作者: Fuller, Crystal