Impacts of Discriminatory Mortgage Lending Practices on Obesity

歧视性抵押贷款做法对肥胖的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10618946
负责人：
Andrea Richardson
金额：
$ 65.19万
依托单位：
RAND CORPORATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-05-15 至 2027-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10618946
关键词：
Address Adult Area Attention Behavior Black race Body mass index Censuses Chicago Cities Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study Data Database Management Systems Diet Discrimination Disparity Economic Conditions Economics Environment Epidemic Equation Evaluation Exposure to Food Future Geographic Information Systems Geographic Locations Health Health behavior Home Housing Inequality Investments Knowledge Link Location Long-Term Effects Longitudinal cohort Maps Modeling Neighborhoods Obesity Outcome Ownership Participant Pattern Persons Physical activity Policies Poverty Price Process Race Recording of previous events Research Resources Role Social Conditions Time United States Variant aged dietary follow-up health determinants high risk indexing obesogenic physical inactivity racial bias racial difference racial disparity residence segregation social sociodemographics structural determinants

项目摘要

Project Abstract Limited access to food and physical activity (PA) resources as well as poor social and economic neighborhood conditions have been linked to low diet quality, physical inactivity, and elevated body mass index (BMI). Yet, mixed findings may be due to gaps in understanding (1) the root causes of unequal allocation of such neighborhood resources, and (2) the paths by which neighborhood conditions influence obesity. Root causes such as housing policies have received little attention in obesity research and yet this may be critical to addressing the epidemic. A key example is historical ‘redlining,’ where, between the 1930s and 1970s, areas throughout the United States were designated as “high risk” based on the neighborhood’s racial composition. Residents were systematically denied access to home purchasing. Poverty and segregation patterns in redlined areas persisted; yet there is variation in the subsequent demographic shifts that have occurred. Housing discrimination continues and may increase obesity disparities via heightened exposure to obesogenic environments. We seek to address knowledge gaps by estimating longitudinal paths from historical and current racially biased mortgage lending to BMI in a longitudinal cohort of Black and white adults. The project specific aims are to: 1) Determine whether historically redlined neighborhoods have higher levels of obesogenic neighborhood conditions and resident BMI through dietary behaviors and PA than non-redlined neighborhoods (using baseline residential locations,1985–86); 2) Estimate longitudinal paths between changes in historically redlined neighborhoods and BMI through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, and PA (using five timepoints of data, 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16); and 3) Estimate longitudinal paths between rates of current place- and race-based biased mortgage lending (data from 1990– 93, 2003–06, 2008–11, and 2013–2016) and changes in BMI, through changes in obesogenic neighborhood conditions, dietary behaviors, PA, discrimination, and homeownership (data from 1985–86, 1992–93, 2005–06, 2010–11, and 2015–16). We achieve these objectives using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) which is a longitudinal cohort with diet, PA, environmental, and sociodemographic data collected for 5,115 white and black U.S. adults aged 18-30 years residing in four cities with redlining histories: Birmingham, AL, Oakland, CA, Chicago, IL, and Minneapolis, MN. We will link historic redlining maps and two indices of place- and race-based biased mortgage lending, using mortgage data, to CARDIA participants’ residential locations. We will estimate longitudinal paths from changes in residing in areas that were historically redlined and areas with current biased mortgage lending to BMI changes through dynamic neighborhood conditions, discrimination, homeownership, PA, and dietary behaviors. The results will deliver the needed evidence to guide housing and neighborhood policy by understanding long-term effects of historical redlining and current biased mortgage lending underlie neighborhood and obesity disparities.

项目摘要获得食物和体育活动 (PA) 资源的机会有限，且社会和经济社区贫困然而，这些情况与饮食质量低、缺乏身体活动和体重指数 (BMI) 升高有关。混合的结果可能是由于对（1）此类资源分配不平等的根本原因的理解存在差距。社区资源；(2) 社区条件影响肥胖的根本原因。例如住房政策在肥胖研究中很少受到关注，但这可能对肥胖研究至关重要一个重要的例子是历史上的“红线”，即 20 世纪 30 年代至 1970 年代之间的地区。根据社区的种族构成，美国各地的社区被指定为“高风险”。贫困和隔离模式导致居民被系统性地剥夺了购房机会。红线区域仍然存在；但随后发生的人口变化却有所不同。住房歧视持续存在，并可能通过呼气分析仪接触致肥胖物质而增加肥胖差异我们寻求通过估计历史和当前的纵向路径来解决知识差距。该项目针对黑人和白人成年人的纵向队列，向 BMI 提供种族偏见的抵押贷款。目标是： 1) 确定历史上红线划定的社区是否具有较高的致肥胖水平与非红线社区相比，通过饮食行为和 PA 获得的社区状况和居民 BMI （使用基线居住地点，1985-86）；2）估计历史变化之间的纵向路径通过改变肥胖社区条件、饮食行为、和 PA（使用五个时间点的数据，1985–86、1992–93、2005–06、2010–11 和 2015–16）；当前基于地点和基于种族的有偏见的抵押贷款利率之间的纵向路径（数据来自 1990 年 - 93、2003-06、2008-11 和 2013-2016）以及体重指数的变化（通过肥胖邻域的变化）条件、饮食行为、PA、歧视和住房所有权（数据来自 1985-86、1992-93、2005-06、 2010-11 和 2015-16）我们利用年轻人冠状动脉风险发展来实现这些目标。成人研究 (CARDIA)，这是一个包含饮食、PA、环境和社会人口统计数据的纵向队列收集了 5,115 名 18-30 岁的美国白人和黑人成年人，他们居住在四个有红线历史的城市：阿拉巴马州伯明翰、加利福尼亚州奥克兰、伊利诺伊州芝加哥和明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯我们将链接历史红线地图和两张地图。使用抵押数据，向 CARDIA 参与者提供基于地点和种族的有偏见的抵押贷款指数我们将根据历史上居住地区的变化来估计纵向路径。红线和当前抵押贷款偏向 BMI 的区域通过动态社区发生变化条件、歧视、住房所有权、PA 和饮食行为。结果将提供所需的信息。通过了解历史红线的长期影响来指导住房和社区政策的证据目前存在偏见的抵押贷款是社区和肥胖差异的根源。