PHOTOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FATES AND EFFECTS OF XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS

外源化合物的光化学和微生物命运及影响

• 批准号: 5211584
• 负责人: HUEY-MIN HWANG
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/5211584
• 关键词: aquatic biology; carbopolycyclic compound; chlorine; ecosystem; environmental adaptation; fluorescence microscopy; fresh water environment; microorganism metabolism; mutagen testing; nitrates; photochemistry; photolysis; scintillation spectrometry; seasons; toxin metabolism

The specific aims are: (1) to determine rate constants of photochemical and microbial degradation of selected xenobiotics such as chlorinated or nitrated aromatic compounds in freshwater and estuarine environments, (2) to determine the effects of environmental factors such as season, pH, and adaptation on rate constants of photolysis and microbial degradation of the test compounds, (3) to assess the mutagenic effects of the test compounds and their photoproducts, (4) to assess the applicability of using measurement of bacterial heterotrophic activity as toxicity indicator (and how they relate to mutagenic effects) in aquatic ecosystems, (5) to evaluate the contribution of photolysis and adaptation to microbial degradation of the test compounds and to determine the relative importance of photolysis and microbial degradation in the removal process of the test compounds, (6) to train minority students to conduct environmental and biomedical research, to analyze the experimental data, and to report the experimental results independently. The approach involves the use of simultaneous incubation systems to determine the photochemical and microbiological fates of the test compounds. In addition, the mutagenic effects of the test compounds and their photoproducts will be examined with the method of Ames. The results of mutagenicity experiments will be compared to the results of concurrent measurements of bacterial heterotrophic activities, to determine the sensitivity of the latter method in detecting the toxicity. The long-term objectives of this study are: (1) to have produced the data base for the regulatory agencies to predict persistence of the test compounds and to have provided more accurate and rapid methods to detect the toxicity of the test compounds and their photoproducts, (2) to have provided a technical service to the industrial sector which should strengthen relationships between industry and Jackson State University, and (3) to have provided both academic and practical training for minority students who upon graduation are able to compete successfully in environmentally-related graduate degree programs.

具体目标是：（1）确定光化学速率常数 以及选定的外源物质（例如氯化或氯化的）的微生物降解 淡水和河口环境中的硝化芳香族化合物，(2) 确定季节、pH 值等环境因素的影响 适应光解和微生物降解的速率常数 测试化合物，（3）评估测试的致突变作用 化合物及其光产物，（4）评估其适用性 使用细菌异养活性的测量作为毒性 水生生物中的指标（以及它们与诱变效应的关系） 生态系统，（5）评估光解和适应的贡献 测试化合物的微生物降解并确定 光解和微生物降解的相对重要性 测试化合物的去除过程，（6）训练少数民族学生 进行环境和生物医学研究，分析 实验数据，并独立报告实验结果。 该方法涉及使用同步孵化系统 确定测试的光化学和微生物结果 化合物。 此外，测试化合物的致突变作用和 他们的照片产品将采用艾姆斯方法进行检查。 这 致突变性实验的结果将与以下结果进行比较 同时测量细菌异养活性，以 确定后一种方法检测毒性的灵敏度。 本研究的长期目标是：（1） 监管机构预测测试持续性的数据库 化合物并提供更准确、更快速的检测方法 测试化合物及其光产物的毒性，(2) 为工业部门提供技术服务， 加强行业与杰克逊州立大学之间的关系， (3) 为以下人员提供学术和实践培训 毕业后能够成功参加比赛的少数民族学生 与环境相关的研究生学位课程。