Genetic origin, developmental mechanism, and evolutionary process of a novel phenotype in Mimulus (monkeyflowers)

酸浆菌（猴花）新表型的遗传起源、发育机制和进化过程

基本信息

批准号：
10563203
负责人：
Yaowu Yuan
金额：
$ 32.2万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-03-01 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10563203
关键词：
Address Anabolism Angiosperms Anthocyanins Automobile Driving Behavioral Biology Butterflies Chemicals Chromosome Mapping Color Complex Correlation Studies Development Distant Evolution Frequencies Gene Expression Profiling Generations Genes Genetic Genetic Drift Genetic Transcription Genomics Goals Habitats Horns Human Inbreeding Investigation Lateral MYB gene Mimulus Molecular Morphology Mutagenesis Mutation Nature Order Coleoptera Organism Pattern Phenotype Pigmentation physiologic function Pigments Plant Leaves Population Pregnancy Process Protocols documentation Research Role Source Stress Structure System Testing Time Transgenic Organisms Translating Turtles Work causal variant experimental study fascinate genetic analysis genetic resource genome resource innovation insight member mutant novel programs promoter tool trait virtual

项目摘要

Project Summary The emergence of qualitatively distinct new structures or patterns (e.g., turtle shells, beetle horns, butterfly color patterns, plant flowers) is one of the most fascinating aspects of organismal evolution. How such novel, complex traits have originated and evolved remains one of the most important yet challenging problems of evolutionary biology. It is widely assumed that novel structures or patterns arise by co-option or rewiring of pre-existing developmental programs, but we know very little about the specific genetic changes that trigger such co-option or developmental rewiring, how the genetic changes translate to novel phenotypes, what kind of developmental pre-settings or cryptic pre-patterns are required for the the trigger gene(s) to produce the novel phenotype and how these cryptic pre-patterns come about, and how the novel phenotypes rise in frequency in natural habitats (i.e., the evolutionary process). This project is to address these fundamental questions by studying a novel, qualitatively distinct, pigmentation pattern that evolved very recently in a wild population of Mimulus verbenaceus (crimson monkeyflower), a species amenable to genetic and developmental manipulations as well as evolutionary analyses or/and ecological interrogations. We propose to: (i) Identify the causal gene and mutation(s) underlying the novel pigmentation pattern by genetic mapping and transgenic experiments; (ii) Characterize the developmental pre-settings (cryptic pre- patterns) required for the formation of the novel pigmentation pattern by identifying multiple upstream activators and repressors, through analysis of chemically induced mutants with altered pigmentation patterns; (iii) Elucidate the evolutionary process through which the novel phenotype rose in frequency in the natural habitat by population genomics analyses and field experiments. We anticipate that these studies will, for the first time, provide a detailed view of the genetic and developmental mechanisms as well as the evolutionary process driving the emergence of a novel phenotype in nature. The successful completion of this project is also expected to help move the field forward by shifting the focus from correlational studies and just-so stories of morphological innovations that happened in the distant past, to rigorous genetic, developmental, and evolutionary analyses of novel phenotypes that are still in the initial stage of emergence.

项目概要质量上不同的新结构或图案的出现（例如，龟壳、甲虫角、蝴蝶颜色图案、植物花朵）是有机体进化中最迷人的方面之一。怎么这样新颖、复杂的特征的起源和进化仍然是最重要但最具挑战性的特征之一进化生物学问题。人们普遍认为新颖的结构或模式是通过共同选择或重新布线预先存在的发育程序，但我们对具体的基因变化知之甚少触发这种共同选择或发育重新布线，基因变化如何转化为新的表型，触发器需要什么样的发育预设或神秘的预设模式产生新表型的基因以及这些神秘的预模式是如何产生的，以及新的表型是如何产生的表型在自然栖息地中的频率增加（即进化过程）。该项目旨在解决通过研究一种新颖的、性质独特的、进化的色素沉着模式来解决这些基本问题最近，在野生的 Mimulus verbenaceus（深红猴花）种群中发现了这种现象，这是一种适合于遗传和发育操作以及进化分析或/和生态询问。我们建议：（i）通过以下方式识别新型色素沉着模式背后的致病基因和突变：遗传图谱和转基因实验； (ii) 描述发展预设的特征（神秘的预设）通过识别多个上游形成新的色素沉着模式所需的模式）通过分析化学诱导的色素沉着改变的突变体来确定激活剂和阻抑剂图案； (iii) 阐明新表型在人类中频率上升的进化过程通过群体基因组学分析和现场实验来研究自然栖息地。我们预计这些研究将首次提供遗传和发育机制以及进化过程推动了自然界中新表型的出现。顺利完成该项目预计还将通过转移相关研究的焦点来帮助推动该领域的发展以及发生在遥远的过去的形态创新的故事，严格的遗传，对仍处于初始阶段的新表型进行发育和进化分析的出现。