Identifying the presence of a code-switch: Evaluating the role of acoustic cues.

识别代码转换的存在：评估声音提示的作用。

• 批准号: 10751509
• 负责人: Erika Exton
• 金额: $ 3.89万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10751509
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Age; Books; Caregivers; Categories; Child; Code; Color; Communities; Comprehension; Confusion; Cues; Detection; Development; Discrimination; English Language; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Frequencies; Grain; Hearing; Home; Household; Infant; International; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Length; Linguistics; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Multilingualism; Mus; Narration; Parents; Periodicity; Phonetics; Population; Process; Production; Property; RNA Splicing; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Semantics; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; Suggestion; System; Testing; Time; Training; Trust; United States; Voice; bilingualism; experience; improved; member; phonology; sound; success; theories

Project Summary Many infants growing up in bilingual homes are regularly exposed to code-switching from their caregivers and other members of their community. Even parents who aim to use the “one -parent-one- language” method of bilingual language exposure tend to switch languages occasionally, producing sentences such as “Do you see the gato?”. In order to develop representations of each of their languages, which we know they do, infants must figure out not only that there are two languages in their environment, but at what point in a given sentence one language ends and the other one begins. Making this even harder, speakers often “blur” the distinction between languages by producing sounds in one language that are colored by the other (known as phonetic convergence). We kn ow that this convergence may help adult bilingual speakers to anticipate an upcoming code -switch. However, it is not clear whether it is present in speech to infant or if listeners who do not know the languages are sensitive to this cue. Aim 1 will test the extent to which Spanish-English bilingual parents produce cross- linguistic phonetic convergence when speaking to their infants and to a fellow adult. I will ask them to record narrations of wordless picture books in English, Spanish, and while switching between the two languages (Exp. 1) and will measure how acoustic-phonetic properties of their speech are modulated by the speech register and the presence and proximity of code-switching. Aim 2 focuses on the ability of listeners at several levels of language experience to detect code-switches when listening to unfamiliar languages. English monolingual (Exp. 2a) and Spanish-English bilingual (Exp. 2b) adults, and monolingual 5-to 14-month-old infants (Exp. 3) will listen to passages that switch between Mandarin and French and will identify the language they are hearing. I will test whether the presence of anticipatory phonetic convergence in voice-onset time and tone influences the speed at which listeners detect a language switch between these two rhythmically dissimilar languages. By assessing how these anticipatory phonetic cues influence the detection of code-switching in unfamiliar languages, we will be able to determine whether their importance to code-switching comprehension for fluent bilinguals is due to language-specific knowledge or is a result of general speech perceptual mechanisms. This project will also help us to better understand how infants exposed to code-switching are able to acquire two languages simultaneously. Having more evidence of the process infants undergo in order to solve this acquisition problem may help to provide more credibility to the suggestions we give to parents who wish to raise their children bilingually, as current advice reassures parents that their children can easily acquire multiple languages but does not detail how they can do that under different conditions.

项目概要 许多在双语家庭长大的婴儿经常会经历来自母语的语码转换。 甚至是旨在使用“单亲一”的看护者和其他社区成员。 语言”的双语语言接触方法往往会偶尔切换语言，产生 诸如“你看到加图了吗？”之类的句子，以发展他们每个人的表征。 语言，我们知道他们确实如此，婴儿不仅必须弄清楚他们的语言中存在两种语言 环境，但在给定句子中，一种语言在什么时候结束而另一种语言开始。 更难的是，说话者经常通过用一种语言发出声音来“模糊”语言之间的区别 语言被另一种语言所染色（称为语音趋同）。 融合可能有助于成年双语使用者预测即将到来的语码转换，但事实确实如此。 尚不清楚它是否存在于婴儿的言语中，或者不懂语言的听众是否存在 目标 1 将测试西班牙语-英语双语父母产生交叉的程度。 我会要求他们在与婴儿和成年人交谈时语言语音趋同。 用英语、西班牙语录制无字图画书的旁白，并在两者之间切换 语言​​（实验 1），并将测量其语音的声学语音特性是如何调制的 通过语域和语码转换的存在和接近来确定目标 2 的重点是能力。 具有不同语言经验水平的听众在听不熟悉的语言时能够检测到语码转换 英语单语（实验 2a）和西班牙语-英语双语（实验 2b）成人，以及 单语 5 至 14 个月大的婴儿（实验 3）会听普通话之间切换的段落 和法语，并将识别他们所听到的语言，我将测试是否存在。 语音开始时间和语气中的预期语音收敛会影响听众的速度 通过评估这两种节奏不同的语言之间的语言切换。 预期语音提示会影响不熟悉语言中语码转换的检测，我们将 能够确定它们对于流利双语者的语码转换理解的重要性是否合理 特定于语言的知识或一般语音感知机制的结果。 还将帮助我们更好地了解接触语码转换的婴儿如何能够获得两种语言 同时获得更多关于婴儿为解决这个问题所经历的过程的证据。 习得问题可能有助于使我们向希望的父母提供的建议更加可信 用双语抚养孩子，正如目前无家可归的父母建议的那样，他们的孩子可以轻松地 掌握多种语言，但没有详细说明他们在不同条件下如何做到这一点。