RFA-IP-22-004, Platform to Assess Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Underserved Arizona Populations

RFA-IP-22-004，评估流感和 COVID-19 疫苗在服务不足的亚利桑那州人群中的有效性的平台

• 批准号: 10619957
• 负责人: Vel Murugan
• 金额: $ 250万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-30 至 2027-09-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10619957
• 关键词: RFA; IP; 22; 004; Platform

Component A – Abstract: Annual influenza vaccination is the primary prevention strategy for infection and severe disease. A constantly evolving influenza virus through antigenic drift dictates that vaccines are re-evaluated every year. COVID-19 has overlapping symptoms with influenza and has significantly complicated the healthcare burden associated with viral infections, morbidity, and mortality. While COVID-19 vaccines received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), additional COVID-19 vaccines are under development due to emerging variants, some of which are known to evade currently authorized vaccines. As such, boosters are recommended to thwart spikes and new waves of variant infections which complicates assessment of the effectiveness of both COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines simultaneously. Phoenix, Arizona is the fifth largest and fastest growing city in the nation, and, importantly, is home to an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population. Twice during the COVID-19 pandemic, Arizona was #1 worldwide in per capita COVID-19 cases. Arizona has seen a mixed adoption of vaccine use for both COVID-19 and influenza, allowing for excellent local comparisons. In this project, leveraging Arizona State University’s (ASU) core capabilities, we propose to study vaccine effectiveness (VE) in a diverse demographic and clinical population (including immunocompromised HIV patients) seen at outpatient clinics managed by ValleyWise Community Hospital, Phoenix Children’s Hospital and ASU Student Health Services. Given identified health disparities in infection and vaccination, we propose to examine social determinants of health to identify the most vulnerable groups. We will collect specimens (nasopharyngeal and/or anterior nasal swabs) and relevant demographic and clinical data from laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza and COVID-19 in children and adults with acute respiratory infection, seeking care in ambulatory clinics, to calculate vaccine effectiveness for both influenza and COVID- 19 vaccines. We will also sequence viral genomes to identify subtype/variants using our deep expertise and incomparable resources in next-generation sequencing and viral genomic bioinformatics. We will use this genomic sequencing data to further investigate VE analyses and understand virus evolution. Importantly, to examine health disparities in vaccination and vaccine effectiveness, we will implement longitudinal surveys and geographical information systems mapping to measure and model social determinants of health. Overall, our multidisciplinary program provides a comprehensive approach to study VE and to understand social determinates that drives health disparities. We believe the findings will have important, long lasting policy implications towards vaccination and examination of VE.

组件 A – 摘要： 每年接种流感疫苗是感染和严重疾病的一级预防策略。 流感病毒通过抗原漂移不断进化，因此每年都会重新评估 COVID-19 疫苗。 与流感有重叠的症状，并且使相关的医疗负担变得更加复杂 而 COVID-19 疫苗获得了紧急使用授权。 美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准的 EUA，其他 COVID-19 疫苗正在开发中 由于新出现的变种，其中一些已知可以逃避目前授权的疫苗。 建议阻止变异感染的高峰和新一波变异感染，这使评估变得复杂 COVID-19 疫苗和季节性流感疫苗同时有效，亚利桑那州凤凰城排名第五。 全国最大、发展最快的城市，而且重要的是，它是一个种族和社会经济的所在地 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，亚利桑那州的人均 COVID-19 人数曾两次位居全球第一。 亚利桑那州混合使用了针对 COVID-19 和流感的疫苗，从而允许 在这个项目中，我们利用亚利桑那州立大学 (ASU) 的核心能力。 提议研究不同人口和临床人群（包括 免疫功能低下的艾滋病毒患者）在 ValleyWise 社区医院管理的门诊诊所就诊， 菲尼克斯儿童医院和亚利桑那州立大学学生健康服务中心已发现感染方面的健康差异。 和疫苗接种，我们建议检查健康的社会决定因素，以确定最脆弱的群体。 我们将收集样本（鼻咽和/或前鼻拭子）以及相关的人口统计和临床数据 来自患有急性呼吸道疾病的儿童和成人实验室确诊的流感和 COVID-19 病例的数据 感染，在流动诊所寻求护理，以计算流感和新冠病毒疫苗的有效性- 我们还将利用我们深厚的专业知识和技术对 19 种疫苗进行病毒基因组测序，以确定亚型/变体。 我们将利用下一代测序和病毒基因组生物信息学方面无与伦比的资源。 基因组测序数据可进一步研究 VE 分析并了解病毒进化。 检查疫苗接种和疫苗有效性方面的健康差异，我们将实施纵向调查和 地理信息系统映射以衡量和模拟健康的社会决定因素。 多学科项目提供了研究 VE 和理解社会的综合方法 我们相信这些发现将产生重要的、持久的政策。 对疫苗接种和 VE 检查的影响。